Chemistry

NaBH₄ reduces aldehyde/ketone but does not reduce ester

R: CH? OH
Certain mild reducing agents like hypophosphorus acid or ethanol reduce diazonium salts to arene and themselves get oxidised to phosphorous acid and ethanal respectively.

[Fe (CN)? ]? ³ Fe? ³ = 3d?
Unpaired electron = 1, μ = 1.7BM
[Fe (H? O)? ]? ³ Fe? ³ = 3d?
Unpaired electrons = 5, μ = 5.9BM

[Fe (CN)? ]? Fe? ² = 3d?
Unpaired electron = 0, μ = 0BM
[Fe (H? O)? ]? ² Fe? ² = 3d?
Unpaired electrons = 4, μ = 4.9BM

(a) List-I List-II
CO, HCl Anhydrous AlCl? /CuCl → (ii) Gattermann-Koch reaction
(b) R – C=O .
(c) R – CH? OH + R'COOH - (conc. H? SO? )-> (iv) Esterification
(d) R – CH? COOH - ( (i) X? /RedP (ii) H? O )-> (i) Hell-Volhard Zelinsky reaction

| List-I | | List-II |
| :- | :- | :- |
| (a) 2SO? (g) + O? (g) → 2SO? (g) | (iv) | Tropospheric pollution |
| (b) HOCl (g) - (hν)->? H +? l | (iii) | Ozone depletion |
| (c) CaCO? + H? SO? → | (i) CaSO? + H? O + CO? | Acid rain |
| (d) NO? (g) - (hν)-> NO (g) + O (g) | (ii) | Smog |

CH? – CH? – COO? Na? - (NaOH, CaO, Heat)-> CH? – CH? + Na? CO?
Decarboxylation takes place by soda-lime (NaOH + CaO)

Dihedral angle (D.A.) of least stable conformer of ethane = 0°

D.A. = 0°
(Eclipsed)

Most of the trivalent lanthanoid ions are coloured in the solid state.