Class 11th

It works best for small to moderate temperature differences; large differences may require more complex heat transfer models.

It's applied in forensics for estimating time of death, in engineering for cooling rate analysis, and in food Science to predict cooling times.

The ideal gas equation fails at high pressures, low temperatures, and for gases with strong intermolecular forces or large molecular volumes.

An ideal gas is a theoretical or hypothetical gas that obeys the ideal gas law perfectly. That is, PV=nRT. 

Vernier calipers are instruments for making accurate linear measurements. They are commonly used to measure the diameter of a sphere or the depth of a hole. Its precision comes from a sliding Vernier scale that runs along a fixed main scale. 

There are two types of errors in measurements. One is a systematic error, which comes from a fault in the measuring device. The other is a random error in measurement, which is caused by a sudden change in the environment.  

$36x^2+36y^2-108x+120y+c=0$

$\Rightarrow x^2+y^2-3x+\frac{10}{3}y+\frac{c}{36}=0$              

The circle not interesting either axes

$\therefore g^2<c\&f^2<c$               

  $\Rightarrow \frac{9}{4}<\frac{c}{36}\Rightarrow c>81-\left(i\right)\&\frac{25}{9}<\frac{c}{36}\Rightarrow c>100......\left(ii\right)$            

(i)  $\cap$ (ii) -> c > 100 .(iii)

Point of intersection between x – 2y – 4 = 0 & 2x – y – 5 = 0 is (2 - 1) lies inside the circle.

$\therefore 4+1-6-\frac{10}{3}+\frac{c}{36}<0\Rightarrow c<156.......\left(iv\right)$         

-> $\left(iii\right)\cap \left(iv\right)$ 100 < c < 156

Strength = 0.72 g/L

Using ;

$Molarity=\frac{Strength}{Molarmassofsolute}$              

$M=\frac{0.72}{180}M$              

= 4 * 10^-3 M

Ans. is 4.

Theoretically; 1 mol benzene gives 1 mol toluene

Moles of benzene = $\frac{10}{78}mol$

Moles of toluene (Theoretical) = $\frac{10}{78}mol$

Mole of toluene (observed) = $\frac{9.2}{92}=0.1mol$

% yield = $\frac{0.1}{\frac{10}{78}}*100$

= 78%

Acyclic isomers of pentene are :-

So; total isomers are 6