Structure of Atom

The Pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers. In other words, only two electrons may exist in the same atomic orbital, and these electrons must have opposite spins. (a) and (f) violate the Pauli exclusion principle. Hund's rule states that the most stable arrangement of electrons in subshells is the one with the greatest number of parallel spins. (b), (d) and (e) violate Hund's rule.

  $r=r_0\frac{n^2}{Z}$

As Z increases, r₀ decreases

Hence upon increasing Z, nuclear distance of node decreases.

As 3f-orbital does not exist as value of l cannot be equal to n, hence no electron can be accommodated.

$E_{1_H}=-2.2*10^{-18}J$

$Li\to L{i}^{+2}+2e^{-},n=2$

$E_{L{i}^{+2}}=E_{1H}*\frac{Z^2}{n^2}=-2.2*10^{-18}*\frac{3^2}{2^2}$

$\lambda =4*10^{-8}$ m

Using $\lambda =\frac{h}{\sqrt[]{2qVm}}$  

${\lambda }_{Li}=\frac{h}{\sqrt[]{2*3e*V*8.3m}}$  m = mass of proton

${\lambda }_p=\frac{h}{\sqrt[]{2*e*V*m}}$  

$\frac{{\lambda }_{Li}}{{\lambda }_p}=\sqrt[]{\frac{2eVm}{2*24.9eVm}}$            

= 0.2 = 2 * 10^-1

So; x = 2

λ = h/p there is inverse relation between de-Broglie wavelength and momentum, hence the graph will be rectangular hyperbola.

Radioactive isotope of hydrogen is tritium (³H)
Number of neutron = 3 - 1 = 2
Number of electron = 1

Only in n = 2 → n = 1 (one single type of photon is emitted)

When alpha particles pass through the gold foil, alpha particle deflected because according to Thompson model positive charge dispersed through out the atom.