Chemistry

In Tollen's test for aldehyde, aldehyde is oxidized to carboxylic acid salt as:
R – CHO + H? O →R – COO? + 3H? + 2e?
So; 2e? are transferred per aldhyde group.

Partial hydrolysis of XeF? gives XeO? F?
XeF? + 2H? O → XeO? F? + 4HF
Compound A is XeF? , so number of lone pair on Xe is 1.

ClF? and XeF? have two lone pairs of electrons on central atom.

The reduction of aluminum oxide (Al? O? ) is performed through an electrolytic process in its molten state. This method is necessary because Al? O? is a highly ionic and stable compound.

m=2 molal
ΔT? = 100.52 – 100 = 0.52°C
Using, ΔT? = iK? m
0.52 = I * 0.52 * 2
i = 0.5
Now using, α = (1-i) / (1-1/n)
Where, n=2 (dimerisation)
α = (1-0.5) / (1-0.5) = 1
So, percentage association = 100%

In a C? fullerene molecule, all 60 carbon atoms are identical. Each carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms via sigma bonds. The structure is composed of 20 six-membered rings and 12 five-membered rings.

In diacetamide (CH? CO)? NH), the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom is delocalized through resonance with both adjacent carbonyl groups. This extensive resonance greatly decreases the electron density on the nitrogen atom.

The difference between the first and second ionization energies is significantly higher for alkali metals (like Sodium, Na) compared to alkaline earth metals (like Magnesium, Mg). Therefore, in the context of the problem, X=Na and Y=Mg.