Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

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An S_N² nucleophilic substitution reaction occurs when CH³Cl interacts with the hydroxide ion to produce CH³OH. Both OH -  and Cl - are nucleophiles with an excess of electrons in this reaction. Because the binding of OH -  and the leaving of Cl - occurs simultaneously in the transition state (c), the carbon atom is linked to just three hydrogens. As a result, the carbon atom becomes sp² hybridised.  Aand (C) are the right statements.

Correct Answer: Option (A) and (C)

This is a multiple choice answer as classified in NCERT Exemplar

The Correct Answer is Option (iv).

If the halogen atom in all of the supplied alkyl halides is the same kind, the boiling point of a compound rises as the number of alkyl groups added increases. As the quantity and size of molecules and electrons grow, so do their attractions. As a result, the greater the boiling point, the larger the molecular weight of the alkyl halide. The boiling points of the following compounds are listed in ascending order: 1-Bromoethane 1-Bromopropane 1-Bromobutane Bromobenzene The right answer is (iv).

This is a multiple choice answer as classified in NCERT Exemplar

The Correct Answer is Option (i).

The intermolecular force of attraction will grow as the surface area increases. As a result, the boiling point rises as well. The boiling point of a comparable alkyl halide rises with increasing molecular mass. Iodine has the greatest atomic mass. As a result, 1-iodobutane has the greatest boiling point.

This is a multiple choice answer as classified in NCERT Exemplar

The Correct Answer is Option (iii).

The presence of electron releasing groups increases the reactivity of aryl halides; the fewer the electron releasing groups, the slower the rate of nucleophilic substitution. As a result, an increase in methyl groups decreases reactivity. The sequence of reactivity is (a) > (b) >   (c). The right answer is (iii).

This is a multiple choice answer as classified in NCERT Exemplar

The Correct Answer is option (iv).

( - NO₂) is an electron-withdrawing group that induces nucleophilic substitution when it is in the ortho and para positions. When this identical electron-drawing group is in the meta position, its impact is much reduced. The reactivity of aryl halides rises as the number of electron-withdrawing groups increases. As a result, the greater the number of electron-drawing groups, the greater the rate of nucleophilic substitution.

This is a multiple choice answer as classified in NCERT Exemplar

The Correct Answer is Option (iv).

Because the -CH₃  group is an electron releasing group, it reduces the reactivity of aryl halides in the ortho and para locations. As a result, aryl halides without electron releasing groups are more reactive. As a result, the order of reactivity is (a) > (c) > (d) (b). The right answer is (iv).

This is a multiple choice answer as classified in NCERT Exemplar

The Correct Answer is Option (iii).

Due to the resonance stabilisation of the benzene ring, the reactivity of aryl halides to nucleophilic substitution is exceedingly low. Because of resonance, the -Cl bond gains a partial double bond. The presence of an electron withdrawing -NO₂ group at ortho or para positions on the ring enhances the reactivity of aryl halides. The presence of -NO₂ near the C-Cl makes the molecule more reactive. The order of reactivity should be (b) > (c) >   (a). The right option is (iii).

This is a multiple choice answer as classified in NCERT Exemplar

The Correct Answer is Option (ii).

Chiral molecules are made up of one carbon atom surrounded by four different species. Because of the presence of two or more identical groups, such as hydrogens, all straight chain molecules cannot be chiral. Even carbons with double or triple bonds to a group are not considered chiral. Through covalent connections, an asymmetric carbon must be surrounded by four distinct species. As a result, atoms b and c are asymmetric. The correct answer is option (ii).