Ncert Solutions Chemistry Class 12th

The reduction of aluminum oxide (Al? O? ) is performed through an electrolytic process in its molten state. This method is necessary because Al? O? is a highly ionic and stable compound.

m=2 molal
ΔT? = 100.52 – 100 = 0.52°C
Using, ΔT? = iK? m
0.52 = I * 0.52 * 2
i = 0.5
Now using, α = (1-i) / (1-1/n)
Where, n=2 (dimerisation)
α = (1-0.5) / (1-0.5) = 1
So, percentage association = 100%

In a C? fullerene molecule, all 60 carbon atoms are identical. Each carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms via sigma bonds. The structure is composed of 20 six-membered rings and 12 five-membered rings.

In diacetamide (CH? CO)? NH), the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom is delocalized through resonance with both adjacent carbonyl groups. This extensive resonance greatly decreases the electron density on the nitrogen atom.

Only 1° amine react with benzene sulphonyl chloride to give a compound which is soluble in alkali

Metal sulphide sols are negatively charged while metal oxide sols are positively charged sols. So, CdS is negative while TiO? is positively charged sol.

Colloidal particles are small enough to pass through an ordinary filter but can be stopped by an ultrafilter paper due to their specific particle size range.

Please consider the following Image

In the ammonolysis reaction, HCl is produced as a byproduct. To neutralize this acidic impurity, the mixture is treated with NaOH.

The following depicts a chemical reaction leading to a Major Product Y.
Mercury has low boiling point so is refined by distillation method.
Copper refining is done through electrolytic refining.
Silicon is refined by zone refining method.
Nickel is refined by vapour phase refining.