Canada

For 2016 intakes, the admission deadlines are closed and the process is nearly completed by April. So you can aim for the Jan 2017 intake if you wish.
Here is the admission timeline
1. April 2016 to September 2016
Start early and by August, shortlist 8-12 universities that you will apply to. Visit university websites and note application requirements, deadlines etc.
By September, be familiar with bank loan options and scholarships to fund your studies.
Begin by downloading admissions brochures from the university websites. Most brochures are out more than a year earlier.
Do some initial research on various accommodation options.
2. Crack the exams: June 2016 to September 2016
Prepare for required standardized tests like GMAT, GRE, SAT, TOEFL or IELTS - depending on the course and university.
By June-July or three months before the test date, register for GMAT/ GRE.
Register for TOEFL/IELTS at least a month before the test date.
Take the required tests around September. Plan for buffer time in case you need to retake the test.
Shortlist the colleges and prepare for your application. Think hard about what makes you unique as an applicant and sketch out your strengths and self assessment.
Contact your professors and direct managers for the required 2-3 reference letters. At least a month before your application deadline.
Begin drafting your SOP and essays. Give a month's time to structure these documents properly.
Apply before the deadline!
3. What next: November 2016 to December 2016
Don't delay replying to college e-mails. And there will be quite a few!
Appear for personal/video interviews. These are scheduled around January to March.
You will receive your acceptance letter. You may receive your letter in either November or December, depending on the institute. You can apply for a student visa only after receiving the acceptance letter.
Depending on the deadline, notify the universities of your decision.
You will need to pay a non-refundable deposit to confirm your admission.
4. Visa and money matters: December 2016 to January 2017
Search for and begin applying for external scholarships (if applicable).
Apply for student loan, after you get your acceptance letter.
Gather paperwork for your student visa. Check visa requirements.
Apply for student visa in time. Keep in mind the time taken for visa processing!