
Students preparing for CBSE board exams and competitive exams such as JEE, NEET, and other exams need a good resource for physics. Your search ends here, Shiksha provides complete chapter‑wise NCERT Class 12 Physics Notes. These notes are designed for quick revision, conceptual depth and clarity. These Class 12 Physics notes include core concepts, NCERT-based Definitions, laws, derivations, and numerical problem-solving techniques.

These topic-wise Class 12 Physics Notes follow the latest CBSE syllabus and provide crisp summaries of every topic and subtopic from Electric Field and Charges to Semiconductor Devices. These notes for class 12 physics are also available in a free downloadable PDF format. You can download the chapter-wise NCERT Class 12 Physics Notes PDF for studying them offline.
What do we offer in Class 12 Physics CBSE Notes?
- Concise NCERT-based Notes
- Free Downloadable PDF Notes
- Covering Every Topic and Subtopic
- NCERT Definitions and Derivations
- CBSE focus Exam facts and Pain points
- Competitive Exam focused Conceptual Depth
We also offer NCERT Solutions for classes 11 and 12 for all subjects: physics, chemistry, and mathematics. Students can combine the NCERT notes with these chapter-wise Class 12 Physics Solutions to get better results. If you are aiming for a good score in Physics in CBSE, engineering, or medical exams, these NCERT Class 12 Physics Notes are your ultimate resource to improve problem-solving speed and accuracy. Read below for more information.
- Class 12 Physics NCERT Chapters Notes
- Complete Class 12 Physics NCERT Solutions
- Topics Covered in CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes: Chapter-wise
- Complete Class 12 Study Material
- Tips for Using NCERT Class 12 Physics Notes
- Importance of Class 12 Maths NCERT Notes for CBSE
- Class 12 Physics Notes- FAQs
Class 12 Physics NCERT Chapters Notes
You can access check NCERT Class 12 Physics chapter-wise notes below.
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Chapter 6 Electromagnetic Induction |
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Chapter 9 Ray Optics and Optical Instruments |
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Chapter 14 Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits |
Complete Class 12 Physics NCERT Solutions
You must utilise class notes along with good amount of practice. These NCERT Solutions can help you practice chapter-wise problems along with doubt solutions.
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Chapter 14 Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits |
Topics Covered in CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes: Chapter-wise
We provide complete class 12 physics notes based on the NCERT Textbook. Students can look at the concise revision notes for each topic and subtopic of Class 12 Physics chapters below.
Chapter 1 Electric Charges and Fields Topics
Access all NCERT notes for all subtopics of class 12 physics chapter 1 below.
| Section | Topics Covered |
|---|---|
| 1.1 | Introduction to Electric Charges and Fields |
| 1.2 | Electric Charge |
| 1.3 | Conductors and Insulators |
| 1.4 | Basic Properties of Electric Charge |
| 1.5 | Coulomb’s Law |
| 1.6 | Forces between Multiple Charges |
| 1.7 | Electric Field |
| 1.8 | Electric Field Lines |
| 1.9 | |
| 1.10 | Electric Dipole |
| 1.11 | Dipole in Uniform External Field |
| 1.12 | Continuous Charge Distribution |
| 1.13 | Gauss’s Law |
| 1.14 | Applications of Gauss's Law |
Chapter 2 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Topics
This Electric Potential and Capacitance chapter contains important topics such as potential difference, potential due to various configurations, and capacitance. Check the subtopics covered in this chapter below;
| Section | Topics Covered |
|---|---|
| 2.1 | Introduction to Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance |
| 2.2 | Electrostatic Potential |
| 2.3 | Potential due to a Point Charge |
| 2.4 | Potential due to an Electric Dipole |
| 2.5 | Potential due to a System of Charges |
| 2.6 | Equipotential Surfaces |
| 2.7 | Potential Energy of a System of Charges |
| 2.8 | Potential Energy in an External Field |
| 2.9 | Electrostatics of Conductors |
| 2.10 | Dielectrics and Polarisation |
| 2.11 | Capacitors and Capacitance |
| 2.12 | Parallel‑Plate Capacitor |
| 2.13 | Effect of Dielectric on Capacitance |
| 2.14 | Combination of Capacitors |
| 2.15 | Energy Stored in a Capacitor |
| 2.16 | Van de Graaff Generator |
Chapter 3 Current Electricity Topics
Current electricity deals with the effects of electric current and its effects, such as the heating effect. It is one of the high-weightage topics, around 5-7 marks in board exams. Check the topics below;
| Section | Topics Covered |
|---|---|
| 3.1 | Introduction to Current Electricity |
| 3.2 | Electric Current |
| 3.3 | Electric Current in Conductors |
| 3.4 | Ohm’s Law & Limitations |
| 3.5 | Drift of Electrons & Resistivity |
| 3.6 | Resistivity of Various Materials |
| 3.7 | Temperature Dependence of Resistivity |
| 3.8 | Electrical Energy & Power |
| 3.9 | Combination of Resistors (Series/Parallel) |
| 3.10 | Cells: emf & Internal Resistance |
| 3.11 | Cells in Series & Parallel |
| 3.12 | Kirchhoff’s Rules |
| 3.13 | Wheatstone Bridge |
| 3.14 | Metre Bridge |
| 3.15 | Potentiometer |
Chapter 4 Moving Charges and Magnetism Topics
This chapter deals with moving magnets and their magnetic and electric effects, and also has a moderate weightage of 4 marks in the class 12 CBSE Exams. You can check the topics covered in this chapter below;
| Section | Topics Covered |
|---|---|
| 4.1 | Introduction: Overview of Moving Charges and Magnetism |
| 4.2 | Magnetic Force |
| 4.3 | Motion in a Magnetic Field |
| 4.4 | Motion in Combined Electric & Magnetic Fields |
| 4.5 | Biot‑Savart Law and Magnetic Field due to an electric current |
| 4.6 | Magnetic Field on Axis of Circular Current Loop |
| 4.7 | Ampère’s Circuital Law |
| 4.8 | Solenoid & Toroid |
| 4.9 | Force between Parallel Currents & Definition of Ampere |
| 4.10 | Torque on Current Loop & Magnetic Dipole |
| 4.11 | Moving Coil Galvanometer |
Chapter 5 Magnetism and Matter Topics
Magnetism and Matter in Class 12th is a moderate-weightage chapter for both Class 12th students. It includes Bar magnet, its properties, and Earth's Magnetism. You can check the topics covered in this chapter below;
| Section | Topics Covered |
|---|---|
| 5.1 | Introduction: Magnetism and Matter |
| 5.2 | Bar Magnet |
| 5.3 | Magnetism & Gauss’s Law |
| 5.4 | Earth’s Magnetism |
| 5.5 | Magnetisation & Magnetic Intensity |
| 5.6 | Magnetic Properties of Materials |
| 5.7 | Permanent Magnets & Electromagnets |
Chapter 6 Electromagnetic Induction Physics Topics
Class 12 physics chapter 6 has good weightage in the Class 12 board exams. The Electromagnetic Induction chapter deals with important laws like Lenz's law, Faraday's law, etc Read the topics covered in this chapter below;
| Section | Topics Covered |
|---|---|
| 6.1 | Introduction |
| 6.2 | Faraday & Henry’s Experiments |
| 6.3 | Magnetic Flux |
| 6.4 | Faraday’s Law of Induction |
| 6.5 | Lenz’s Law & Conservation of Energy |
| 6.6 | Motional Electro Motive Force |
| 6.7 | Energy Consideration |
| 6.8 | Eddy Currents |
| 6.9 | Inductance (Self & Mutual) |
| 6.10 | AC Generator |
Chapter 7 Alternating Current Class 12 Physics Topics
This chapter consists of concepts of alternating current and its circuit. Check the list of all subtopics of the chapter below.
| Section | Topics Covered |
|---|---|
| 7.1 | Introduction: Alternating Current |
| 7.2 | AC Voltage Applied to Resistor |
| 7.3 | AC Current using Phasors |
| 7.4 | AC Voltage Applied to an Inductor |
| 7.5 | AC Voltage applied to a Capacitor |
| 7.6 | AC Voltage applied to a Series LCR circuit |
| 7.7 | Power in AC Circuits & Power Factor |
| 7.8 | LC Oscillations |
| 7.9 | Transformers |
Chapter 8 Electromagnetic Waves Topics
You can check the important topics below.
| Section | Topics Covered |
|---|---|
| 8.1 | Introduction |
| 8.2 | Displacement Current |
| 8.3 | Electromagnetic Waves |
| 8.4 | Electromagnetic Spectrum & Uses |
Chapter 9 Ray Optics and Optical Instruments Topics
Chapter 9 Ray Optics, is a good weightage topic for class 12 CBSE board exams. The table below consists of all section-wise subtopics of the chapter.
| Section | Topics Covered |
|---|---|
| 9.1 | Introduction |
| 9.2 | Reflection of Light by Spherical Mirrors |
| Concave and Convex Mirrors | |
| 9.3 | Refraction & Snell's Law |
| 9.4 | Total Internal Reflection |
| 9.5 | Refraction at Spherical Surfaces & by Lenses |
| 9.6 | Refraction Through Prism & Dispersion |
| 9.7 | Optical Instruments |
Chapter 10 Wave Optics Class 12 Topics
Every year, JEE Main and other competitive exams ask various conceptual and numerical questions from this chapter. Check subtopics below.
| Section | Topics Covered |
|---|---|
| 10.1 | Introduction |
| 10.2 | Huygens Principle |
| 10.3 | Reflection & Refraction of Plane Waves using Huygens' Principle |
| 10.4 | Coherent & Incoherent Addition of Waves |
| 10.5 | Interference of Light Waves & Young’s Double‑Slit |
| 10.6 | Diffraction |
| 10.7 | Polarisation |
Chapter 11 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter Topics
This chapter introduces the dual nature of matter and waves. We provide notes for all subtopics covered in this chapter. Click on the links below.
| Section | Topics Covered |
|---|---|
| 11.1 | Introduction: Wave Particle Duality |
| 11.2 | Electron Emission |
| 11.3 | Photoelectric effect |
| 11.4 | Experimental Study of Photoelectric Effect |
| 11.5 | Photoelectric Effect and Wave Theory of Light |
| 11.6 | Eienstien's Photoelectric Equation: Energy Quantum of Radiation |
| 11.7 | Particle Nature of Light: The Photon |
| 11.8 | Wave Nature of Matter |
This chapter also includes these important subtopics for competitive exams.
- Fermi Paradox
- Derivation of Schrodinger Wave Equation
- Casimir Effect
- Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
Chapter 12 Atoms Topics
The Atoms chapter of class 12 physics is essential for competitive exams such as BITSAT, GUJCET, and others. You can check important subtopics below.
| Section | Topics Covered |
|---|---|
| 12.1 | Introduction: Atoms |
| 12.2 | α‑Particle Scattering & Rutherford's Model of Atoms |
| 12.3 | Atomic Spectra |
| 12.4 | Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom |
| 12.5 | The Line Spectra of the Hydrogen Atom |
| 12.6 | Bohr's Second Postulate of Quantisation: De Broglie's Explanation |
Chapter 13 Nuclei Topics
Class 12 Physics Chapter 13: Nuclei is an important chapter. Students can check all subtopics of the chapter as per the NCERT textbooks in the table below.
| Section | Topics Covered |
|---|---|
| 13.1 | Introduction: Nuclei |
| 13.2 | Atomic Masses and Composition of Nucleus |
| 13.3 | Size & Mass of the Nucleus |
| 13.4 | Mass-Energy and Nuclear Binding Energy |
| 13.5 | Nuclear Force |
| 13.6 | Radiocativity |
| 13.7 | Nuclear Energy |
There are several other subtopics important for other competitive exams, such as NEET, CUSAT and others. Check below.
- Nuclear fission and fusion
- Radioactivity and decay laws
- Half-life and mean life
Chapter 14 Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits Topics
The semiconductor chapter discusses specific metal or metalloids that acts as conductors in specific conditions. Check the table of subtopics below.
| Section | Topics Covered |
|---|---|
| 14.1 | Introduction: Semiconductor Devices |
| 14.2 | |
| 14.3 | Intrinsic Semiconductor |
| 14.4 | Extrinsic Conductor |
| 14.5 | p-n Junction |
| 14.6 | Semiconductor Diode |
| 14.7 | Junction Diode as a Rectifier |
There are a few additional important topics in this chapter. We have provided below.
- Energy Bands in Solids
- Zener diode and its use in voltage regulation
- Logic gates: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR
Complete Class 12 Study Material
We have prepared complete study material for class 12 students. This study material consists of NCERT notes, revision notes PDF, NCERT solutions and NCERT exemplar solutions. Check the table to access the study material for CBSE class 12th below.
Tips for Using NCERT Class 12 Physics Notes
Here are a few tips to use these notes for the best results.
Importance of Class 12 Maths NCERT Notes for CBSE
Here are several features of these Class 12 Physics Notes based on CBSE exams;
Conceptual Depth: Our CBSE Class 12 Notes are designed by subject matter experts at Shiksha. We break down lengthy and complex concepts into smaller concepts. We have connected dots using these small sections for complete conceptual clarity.
Important Formulae List: Students can find all important formulas for each topic covered in the CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes. These formulas are useful for CBSE exams and competitive exams like JEE Mains, JEE Advanced, NEET, and more.
NCERT-Based Definitions and Derivations: We have created these notes keeping in mind the needs of CBSE and other board students. So we have included the NCERT derivation and definition for all topics.
Solved Examples and Practice Problems: You will find solved numerical problems and practice questions of both types: numerical and conceptual. Practice problems are also included to help students make the most of these notes.
Time-saver Notes: These notes have both a detailed concept and a concise summary. Each topic is also divided into various subtopics. You can read a specific subtopic or a full summary to save time and revise quickly.
Class 12 Physics Notes- FAQs
Check the frequently asked questions related to the NCERT Class 12 physics notes below;
Commonly asked questions
Why these Class 12 Physics Notes are good source of revision?
Here are a few points why these notes provided by Shiksha are good source for revision.
- Aligned with the latest NCERT Pattern,
- Cover all important Concepts
- Simple, easy-to-understand language.
- Ideal for quick revision before Board exams.
- Includes key formulas, definitions, and derivations.
- Helpful for Competive Exam preparation (JEE and NEET)
- Chapter and Topic-wise summary Notes.
What chapters and units are covered in the Class 12 Physics NCERT revision notes?
Subject experts at Shiksha has designed these Class 12 CBSE Notes in concise and lucid language. We offer complete coverage of topics and subtopics of all chapters of class 12 physics. We have covered following Class 12 Physics Chapters and their subtopics.
Class 12 Physics Chapter 1 Electric Charges and Fields
Class 12 Physics Chapter 2 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
Class 12 Physics Chapter 3 Current Electricity
Class 12 Physics Chapter 4 Moving Charges and Magnetism
Class 12 Physics Chapter 5 Magnetism and Matter
Class 12 Physics Chapter 6 Electromagnetic Induction
Class 12 Physics Chapter 7 Alternating Current
Class 12 Physics Chapter 8 Electromagnetic Waves
Class 12 Physics Chapter 9 Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
Class 12 Physics Chapter 10 Wave Optics
Class 12 Physics Chapter 11 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Class 12 Physics Chapter 12 Atoms
Class 12 Physics Chapter 13 Nuclei
Class 12 Physics Chapter 14 Semiconductor Electronics Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits
NCERT Class 12 Physics Exam
Student Forum
Other Topics under this Chapter
Other Class 12th Physics Chapters
- Physics Alternating Current
- Physics Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
- Physics Electromagnetic Induction
- Physics Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
- Physics Semiconductor Devices
- Physics Wave Optics
- Physics Current Electricity
- Physics Nuclei
- Physics Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
- Physics Atoms
- Physics Moving Charges and Magnetism
- NCERT Class 12 Notes
- NCERT Class 12 Physics
- Physics Electric Charge and Field
- Physics Electromagnetic Waves
- Physics Magnetism and Matter