NCERT Class 12 Physics Notes for CBSE: Topic-wise Revision PDF & Solved Exams

NCERT Class 12 Physics 2025

nitesh singh
Updated on Aug 4, 2025 12:56 IST

By nitesh singh, Senior Executive

Students preparing for CBSE board exams and competitive exams such as JEE, NEET, and other exams need a good resource for physics. Your search ends here, Shiksha provides complete chapter‑wise NCERT Class 12 Physics Notes. These notes are designed for quick revision, conceptual depth and clarity. These Class 12 Physics notes include core concepts, NCERT-based Definitions, laws, derivations, and numerical problem-solving techniques. Class 12 Physics Notes

These topic-wise Class 12 Physics Notes follow the latest CBSE syllabus and provide crisp summaries of every topic and subtopic from Electric Field and Charges to Semiconductor Devices. These notes for class 12 physics are also available in a free downloadable PDF format. You can download the chapter-wise NCERT Class 12 Physics Notes PDF for studying them offline.

What do we offer in Class 12 Physics CBSE Notes?

  • Concise NCERT-based Notes
  • Free Downloadable PDF Notes
  • Covering Every Topic and Subtopic
  • NCERT Definitions and Derivations
  • CBSE focus Exam facts and Pain points
  • Competitive Exam focused Conceptual Depth

We also offer NCERT Solutions for classes 11 and 12 for all subjects: physics, chemistry, and mathematics. Students can combine the NCERT notes with these chapter-wise Class 12 Physics Solutions to get better results. If you are aiming for a good score in Physics in CBSE, engineering, or medical exams, these NCERT Class 12 Physics Notes are your ultimate resource to improve problem-solving speed and accuracy. Read below for more information.

Table of contents
  • Class 12 Physics NCERT Chapters Notes
  • Complete Class 12 Physics NCERT Solutions
  • Topics Covered in CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes: Chapter-wise
  • Complete Class 12 Study Material
  • Tips for Using NCERT Class 12 Physics Notes
  • Importance of Class 12 Maths NCERT Notes for CBSE
  • Class 12 Physics Notes- FAQs
View More
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Topics Covered in CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes: Chapter-wise

We provide complete class 12 physics notes based on the NCERT Textbook. Students can look at the concise revision notes for each topic and subtopic of Class 12 Physics chapters below.

Chapter 1 Electric Charges and Fields Topics

Access all NCERT notes for all subtopics of class 12 physics chapter 1 below.

Section Topics Covered
1.1 Introduction to Electric Charges and Fields
1.2 Electric Charge
1.3 Conductors and Insulators
1.4 Basic Properties of Electric Charge
1.5 Coulomb’s Law
1.6 Forces between Multiple Charges
1.7 Electric Field
1.8 Electric Field Lines
1.9

Electric Flux

1.10 Electric Dipole
1.11 Dipole in Uniform External Field
1.12 Continuous Charge Distribution
1.13 Gauss’s Law
1.14 Applications of Gauss's Law

Chapter 2 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Topics

This Electric Potential and Capacitance chapter contains important topics such as potential difference, potential due to various configurations, and capacitance. Check the subtopics covered in this chapter below;

Section Topics Covered
2.1 Introduction to Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
2.2 Electrostatic Potential
2.3 Potential due to a Point Charge
2.4 Potential due to an Electric Dipole
2.5 Potential due to a System of Charges
2.6 Equipotential Surfaces
2.7 Potential Energy of a System of Charges
2.8 Potential Energy in an External Field
2.9 Electrostatics of Conductors
2.10 Dielectrics and Polarisation
2.11 Capacitors and Capacitance
2.12 Parallel‑Plate Capacitor
2.13 Effect of Dielectric on Capacitance
2.14 Combination of Capacitors
2.15 Energy Stored in a Capacitor
2.16 Van de Graaff Generator

Chapter 3 Current Electricity Topics

Current electricity deals with the effects of electric current and its effects, such as the heating effect. It is one of the high-weightage topics, around 5-7 marks in board exams. Check the topics below;

Section Topics Covered
3.1 Introduction to Current Electricity
3.2 Electric Current
3.3 Electric Current in Conductors
3.4 Ohm’s Law & Limitations
3.5 Drift of Electrons & Resistivity
3.6 Resistivity of Various Materials
3.7 Temperature Dependence of Resistivity
3.8 Electrical Energy & Power
3.9 Combination of Resistors (Series/Parallel)
3.10 Cells: emf & Internal Resistance
3.11 Cells in Series & Parallel
3.12 Kirchhoff’s Rules
3.13 Wheatstone Bridge
3.14 Metre Bridge
3.15 Potentiometer

Chapter 4 Moving Charges and Magnetism Topics

This chapter deals with moving magnets and their magnetic and electric effects, and also has a moderate weightage of 4 marks in the class 12 CBSE Exams. You can check the topics covered in this chapter below;

Section Topics Covered
4.1 Introduction: Overview of Moving Charges and Magnetism
4.2 Magnetic Force
4.3 Motion in a Magnetic Field
4.4 Motion in Combined Electric & Magnetic Fields
4.5 Biot‑Savart Law and Magnetic Field due to an electric current
4.6 Magnetic Field on Axis of Circular Current Loop
4.7 Ampère’s Circuital Law
4.8 Solenoid & Toroid
4.9 Force between Parallel Currents & Definition of Ampere
4.10 Torque on Current Loop & Magnetic Dipole
4.11 Moving Coil Galvanometer

Chapter 5 Magnetism and Matter Topics

Magnetism and Matter in Class 12th is a moderate-weightage chapter for both Class 12th students. It includes Bar magnet, its properties, and Earth's Magnetism. You can check the topics covered in this chapter below;

Section Topics Covered
5.1 Introduction: Magnetism and Matter
5.2 Bar Magnet
5.3 Magnetism & Gauss’s Law
5.4 Earth’s Magnetism
5.5 Magnetisation & Magnetic Intensity
5.6 Magnetic Properties of Materials
5.7 Permanent Magnets & Electromagnets

Chapter 6 Electromagnetic Induction Physics Topics

Class 12 physics chapter 6 has good weightage in the Class 12 board exams. The Electromagnetic Induction chapter deals with important laws like Lenz's law, Faraday's law, etc Read the topics covered in this chapter below;

Section Topics Covered
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Faraday & Henry’s Experiments
6.3 Magnetic Flux
6.4 Faraday’s Law of Induction
6.5 Lenz’s Law & Conservation of Energy
6.6 Motional Electro Motive Force
6.7 Energy Consideration
6.8 Eddy Currents
6.9 Inductance (Self & Mutual)
6.10 AC Generator

Chapter 7 Alternating Current Class 12 Physics Topics

This chapter consists of concepts of alternating current and its circuit.  Check the list of all subtopics of the chapter below.

Section Topics Covered
7.1 Introduction: Alternating Current
7.2 AC Voltage Applied to Resistor
7.3 AC Current using Phasors
7.4 AC Voltage Applied to an Inductor
7.5 AC Voltage applied to a Capacitor
7.6 AC Voltage applied to a Series LCR circuit
7.7 Power in AC Circuits & Power Factor
7.8 LC Oscillations
7.9 Transformers

Chapter 8 Electromagnetic Waves Topics

You can check the important topics below.

Section Topics Covered
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Displacement Current
8.3 Electromagnetic Waves
8.4 Electromagnetic Spectrum & Uses

Chapter 9 Ray Optics and Optical Instruments Topics

Chapter 9 Ray Optics, is a good weightage topic for class 12 CBSE board exams. The table below consists of all section-wise subtopics of the chapter.

Section Topics Covered
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Reflection of Light by Spherical Mirrors
Concave and Convex Mirrors
9.3 Refraction & Snell's Law
9.4 Total Internal Reflection
9.5 Refraction at Spherical Surfaces & by Lenses
9.6 Refraction Through Prism & Dispersion
9.7 Optical Instruments

Chapter 10 Wave Optics Class 12 Topics

Every year, JEE Main and other competitive exams ask various conceptual and numerical questions from this chapter. Check subtopics below.

Section Topics Covered
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Huygens Principle
10.3 Reflection & Refraction of Plane Waves using Huygens' Principle
10.4 Coherent & Incoherent Addition of Waves
10.5 Interference of Light Waves & Young’s Double‑Slit
10.6 Diffraction
10.7 Polarisation

Chapter 11 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter Topics

This chapter introduces the dual nature of matter and waves. We provide notes for all subtopics covered in this chapter. Click on the links below.

Section Topics Covered
11.1 Introduction: Wave Particle Duality
11.2 Electron Emission
11.3 Photoelectric effect
11.4 Experimental Study of Photoelectric Effect
11.5 Photoelectric Effect and Wave Theory of Light
11.6 Eienstien's Photoelectric Equation: Energy Quantum of Radiation
11.7 Particle Nature of Light: The Photon
11.8 Wave Nature of Matter

This chapter also includes these important subtopics for competitive exams.

Chapter 12 Atoms Topics

The Atoms chapter of class 12 physics is essential for competitive exams such as BITSAT, GUJCET, and others. You can check important subtopics below.

Section Topics Covered
12.1 Introduction: Atoms
12.2 α‑Particle Scattering & Rutherford's Model of Atoms
12.3 Atomic Spectra
12.4 Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom
12.5 The Line Spectra of the Hydrogen Atom
12.6

Bohr's Second Postulate of Quantisation: De Broglie's Explanation

Chapter 13 Nuclei Topics

Class 12 Physics Chapter 13: Nuclei is an important chapter. Students can check all subtopics of the chapter as per the NCERT textbooks in the table below.

Section Topics Covered
13.1 Introduction: Nuclei
13.2 Atomic Masses and Composition of Nucleus
13.3 Size & Mass of the Nucleus
13.4 Mass-Energy and Nuclear Binding Energy
13.5 Nuclear Force
13.6 Radiocativity
13.7 Nuclear Energy

There are several other subtopics important for other competitive exams, such as NEET, CUSAT and others. Check below.

  • Nuclear fission and fusion
  • Radioactivity and decay laws
  • Half-life and mean life

Chapter 14 Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits Topics

The semiconductor chapter discusses specific metal or metalloids that acts as conductors in specific conditions. Check the table of subtopics below.

Section Topics Covered
14.1 Introduction: Semiconductor Devices
14.2

Classification of Metals, Conductors, and Semiconductors

14.3 Intrinsic Semiconductor
14.4 Extrinsic Conductor
14.5 p-n Junction 
14.6 Semiconductor Diode
14.7 Junction Diode as a Rectifier

There are a few additional important topics in this chapter. We have provided below.

  • Energy Bands in Solids
  • Zener diode and its use in voltage regulation
  • Logic gates: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR
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Complete Class 12 Study Material

We have prepared complete study material for class 12 students. This study material consists of NCERT notes, revision notes PDF, NCERT solutions and NCERT exemplar solutions. Check the table to access the study material for CBSE class 12th below.

S. No. Study Material Link
1 Class 12 Maths NCERT Solutions
2 Class 12 Physics NCERT Solutions
3 Class 12 Chemistry NCERT Solutions
4 Class 12 Physics CBSE Notes
5 Class 12 Chemistry CBSE Notes
6 Class 12 Maths CBSE Notes
7 Class 12 Physics Question Papers 
8 Class 12 Chemistry Question Papers 
9 Class 12 Mathematics Question Papers 
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Tips for Using NCERT Class 12 Physics Notes

Here are a few tips to use these notes for the best results.

Tips to use Class 12 Physics Notes
  • Start with NCERT Textbooks: You should start your preparation with the NCERT textbooks. Go through each concept and read in detail all definitions, concepts, and examples. 
  • Combine Shiksha Notes: After the NCERT books, fill your knowledge gaps with Shiksha's Class 12 physics notes for a thorough understanding.
  • Actively Recall: Try to recall actively after completing the topic, check if you remember key concepts, formulas, and solving methods.
  • Revision Flashcards: You can make flashcards for the weak or difficult sections. You can write difficult formulas and key facts needed for the exams in these flashcards and revise easily.
  • Formula Sheet: Student can make a customised formula list or diary using the topic-wise physics notes, which is handy and revise at their own pace. 
  • Revision Goals: Students should plan timely revision goals in a practical and exam-focused way. Fix the target, which is practically achievable.
  • Practice Questions: Practice is key to getting the best results. Use our NCERT Class 12 physics notes in regular practice and solve numerical problems
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Importance of Class 12 Maths NCERT Notes for CBSE

Here are several features of these Class 12 Physics Notes based on CBSE exams;

Conceptual Depth: Our CBSE Class 12 Notes are designed by subject matter experts at Shiksha. We break down lengthy and complex concepts into smaller concepts. We have connected dots using these small sections for complete conceptual clarity.

Important Formulae List: Students can find all important formulas for each topic covered in the CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes. These formulas are useful for CBSE exams and competitive exams like JEE Mains, JEE Advanced, NEET, and more.

NCERT-Based Definitions and Derivations: We have created these notes keeping in mind the needs of CBSE and other board students. So we have included the NCERT derivation and definition for all topics.

Solved Examples and Practice Problems: You will find solved numerical problems and practice questions of both types: numerical and conceptual. Practice problems are also included to help students make the most of these notes.

Time-saver Notes: These notes have both a detailed concept and a concise summary. Each topic is also divided into various subtopics. You can read a specific subtopic or a full summary to save time and revise quickly.

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Class 12 Physics Notes- FAQs

Check the frequently asked questions related to the NCERT Class 12 physics notes below;

Q&A Icon
Commonly asked questions
Q:  

Why these Class 12 Physics Notes are good source of revision?

A: 

Here are a few points why these notes provided by Shiksha are good source for revision.

  • Aligned with the latest NCERT Pattern,
  • Cover all important Concepts
  • Simple, easy-to-understand language.
  • Ideal for quick revision before Board exams.
  • Includes key formulas, definitions, and derivations.
  • Helpful for Competive Exam preparation (JEE and NEET)
  • Chapter and Topic-wise summary Notes. 
Q:  

What chapters and units are covered in the Class 12 Physics NCERT revision notes?

A: 

Subject experts at Shiksha has designed these Class 12 CBSE Notes in concise and lucid language. We offer complete coverage of topics and subtopics of all chapters of class 12 physics. We have covered following Class 12 Physics Chapters and their subtopics.

  • Class 12 Physics Chapter 1 Electric Charges and Fields

  • Class 12 Physics Chapter 2 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

  • Class 12 Physics Chapter 3 Current Electricity

  • Class 12 Physics Chapter 4 Moving Charges and Magnetism

  • Class 12 Physics Chapter 5 Magnetism and Matter

  • Class 12 Physics Chapter 6 Electromagnetic Induction

  • Class 12 Physics Chapter 7 Alternating Current

  • Class 12 Physics Chapter 8 Electromagnetic Waves

  • Class 12 Physics Chapter 9 Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

  • Class 12 Physics Chapter 10 Wave Optics

  • Class 12 Physics Chapter 11 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

  • Class 12 Physics Chapter 12 Atoms

  • Class 12 Physics Chapter 13 Nuclei

  • Class 12 Physics Chapter 14 Semiconductor Electronics Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

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