7 Photos
DPSRU BPharm Courses & Fees 2025: Eligibility, Admission, Placements, How to Apply
- A NAAC accredited
- Public/Government University
- Estd. 2008
DPSRU BPharm Eligibility & Highlights 2025
BPharm at DPSRU is of a four-year duration and is spread across eight semesters. The university offers BPharm, BPharm (lateral entry), and BPharm in Ayurveda courses. Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University BPharm admission is done on a merit basis. Hence, the applicant's performance in Class 12 is evaluated for selection. The university considers the aggregate of three subjects - Physics, Chemistry, and Biology/ Mathematics.
Aspirants must meet the DPSRU BPharm eligibility criteria as mentioned below:
| Course | Eligibility Criteria |
|---|---|
| BPharm | Class 12 or equivalent pass with PCM or PCB subjects with at least 55% aggregate (50% for SC/ ST/ OBC/ PwD categories). |
| BPharm (Lateral Entry) | DPharm pass as per PCI norms |
Eligibility Criteria: A Class 12 or equivalent pass with PCM or PCB subjects with at least 55% aggregate (50% for SC/ ST/ OBC/ PwD categories).
Download: DPSRU Prospectus 2024
DPSRU BPharm Fees 2025
There are multiple components included in the fee structure for DPSRU courses. A few of these are security deposits, tuition fees, and more. The total tuition fee for the BPharm courses is INR 2.4 lakh. This fee amount is as per the official website/ sanctioning body. It is still subject to changes and hence, is indicative.
Please find below the video for the latest information about Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University BPharma courses:
Commonly asked questions On Highlights
Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University tuition fee for BPharm is INR 2.4 lakh. This information is sourced from official website/ sanctioning body and is subject to change. The total fee is a sum of mutiple components such as caution deposit, hostel charges, exam fee, etc. Candidates need to pay course fee to confirm their seat in the university. Besides, aspirants also need to pay an application fee of INR 1,000 in the start to register for a programme.
Yes, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University admission is merit-based on the basis of marks obtained in qualifying exams. For example, the UG level BPharma course, selection criteria are based on the aggregate of Class 12 marks of 3 subjects: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics/Biology. For candidates who have taken both Maths and Biology best of two will be considered.
The key highlights of DPSRU placements 2023 are presented below:
Course | Average Package (2023) | Highest Package (2023) |
|---|---|---|
INR 5.67 LPA | INR 15 LPA | |
INR 6.84 LPA | INR 15 LPA |
Further, as per the NIRF report 2024, the key highlights of BPharm and MPharm placements over the past three years are presented below:
Particulars | BPharm Placement Statistics (2021) | BPharm Placement Statistics (2022) | BPharm Placement Statistics (2023) |
|---|---|---|---|
Median package | INR 4.2 LPA | INR 4.5 LPA | INR 3.66 LPA |
Total students | 125 | 133 | 152 |
Students placed | 16 | 16 | 15 |
Students opted for higher studies | 99 | 104 | 94 |
Particulars | MPharm Placement Statistics (2021) | MPharm Placement Statistics (2022) | MPharm Placement Statistics (2023) |
Median package | INR 5.6 LPA | INR 6.52 LPA | INR 5.65 LPA |
Total students | 100 | 113 | 118 |
Students placed | 88 | 90 | 50 |
Students opted for higher studies | 5 | 10 | 8 |
DPSRU B.PharmaPopular courses
DPSRU B.PharmaFees details 2026
| Fee components | Amount (for 4 years) |
|---|---|
₹ 2.4 L | |
₹ 1.65 L | |
₹ 5 K | |
₹ 4.1 L |
These are estimated fees information. Actual values may differ.
Commonly asked questions On B.Pharma Fees
Eligible students at Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University may avail themselves of any student scholarships and schemes that have been set up by various Government funding agencies such as:
1. Merit Scholarship for SC/ST/OBC/Minority Students.
2. Post-Matric Scholarship Schemes for SC.
3. Post-Matric Scholarship Schemes for OBC.
4. Delhi Higher and Technical Education Support Scheme.
5. National Scholarship for Post Graduate Studies.
6. Pradhan Mantri Scholarship for Pharmacy Post Graduate Studies.
Interested students can check the full list of scholarships available on the official college website.
DPSRU students can apply for Merit-cum-Means Scholarship for Professional and Technical Courses CS offered by the Central Government. Students must meet below criteria to apply for the scholarship:
- Student must have taken admission in technical/ professional courses at UG and PG level
- Must have scored at least 50% or equivalent grade in previous final examination
- Annual income of parents/ guardian must not be exceed INR 2.5 lakh
Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University offers hostel facilities with separate hostel buildings for boys and girls. Hostel fees at DPSRU Delhi are INR 10,000 for UG Courses and INR 11,000 for PG Courses. Furthermore, students must pay a security fee of INR 5,000 and a Mess fee of INR 15,000 per semester.
The Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University is a 100% grant-in-aid State Government University. DPSRU Delhi is famous for being the 1st Pharmaceutical University in India and 3rd in the world. Moreover, DPSRU Delhi has been ranked as 16th in the Pharmacy Category by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) and ranked as A Grade by the NAAC.
Explore popular similar colleges
Students who showed interest in DPSRU - B.Pharma also showed interest in
Want better recommendations?
There is a 90% more chance of getting best college recommendations by sharing preferences.
- Chat with our counselor
- Get your personalised list of colleges & exams matching your preferences
DPSRU BPharm Admission Dates 2025
Admission at DPSRU BPharm programme generally starts in May, with the application window open till June. The admissions usually start around Class 12 result announcements. Interested students should submit their application form before the set deadline. Refer to the table below to know DPSRU BPharm admission dates:
Commonly asked questions On Admissions
Candidates need to complete a minimum of Class 12 to apply for any of the UG courses of DPSRU. The minimum aggregate required is 55% for most of the UG programmes. There is 5% relaxation in the aggregate for SC/ ST/ OBC/ PwD candidates. Since admission to UG courses is based on merit in the last qualifying exam, candidates must fulfil the course-specific eligibility.
Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University accepts CUET-PG scores for admission to most of the PG programmes such as MBA, MPT, etc. Aspirants with a valid score in CUET-PG can fill out the application form for the preferred PG programme. Besides, candidates should also meet the eligibility requirements i.e. graduation for all the PG courses.
The cutoff of Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University admission 2025 depends on the sanctioned intake capacity of the candidate's preferred course and institution. Mentioned below are the cutoff/intake capacity for a few courses offered at DPSRU:
- 120 seats for DPharm
- 100 seats for BPharm
- 60 seats for BPharm (SPS)
- 40 seats for BPharm (Ayurveda)
- 10 seats for BPharm Lateral Entry
- 6 seats for BPharm Lateral Entry (SPS)
Fees for the BPharm course at Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research University will depend on various factors, such as hostel enrollment and whether it is an even or odd semester. Even semester fees range between INR 14,000-79,000, and odd semester fees range between INR 36,000-1.1 Lakhs. Hostel fees will add on another INR 10,000-11,000 annually and Mess fees another 15,000 per semester.
DPSRU BPharm Admission 2025: How to Apply?
The admission procedure commences with the application form release. Before applying, the aspirants should check out the eligibility requirements. The application form must be filled out diligently. DPSRU course admission involves form filling, selection, seat allotment, and seat confirmation. Below are the steps to be followed for the DPSRU BPharm admissions:
STEP 1: DPSRU BPharm Application Process 2025
The application form can be filled out online or collected from the university campus. DPSRU has clusters for various courses for the convenience of the applicants. For each cluster, a separate form has to be submitted along with an application fee of INR 1,000. Mentioned below are the steps to be followed for the online application submission:
Step 1.1: Visit the official website of DPSRU, https://dpsru.edu.in/.
Step 1.2: Click on the 'Admission' tab on the Home page.
Step 1.3: Click on the application link and register with the basic details.
Step 1.4: Fill out the application form and upload documents.
Step 1.5: Pay the application fee and submit the form.
STEP 2: Selection & Merit List Release
Applicants are selected based on merit in the last qualifying exam. Thus, students' Class 12 scores are taken into consideration. Following this, a merit list is published to declare the names of selected students.
STEP 3: Counselling
Selected students can then participate in the round of counselling for seat allotment. The university calls students for seat allocation based on merit rank. If the offered seat is accepted, the documents will be checked with originals and all relevant submissions. After verification, the admission fee amount can be paid for seat confirmation. The total tuition fee for the UG courses is INR 2.4 lakh. This fee amount is as per the official website/ sanctioning body. It is still subject to changes and hence, is indicative.
Commonly asked questions On Application Process
Candidates need to pay an application fee to register for Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University. The application is INR 1,000 for each course. Aspirants can pay the application fee via any of the online payment modes. Aspirants must keep the payment slip for future reference.
Candidates who have appeared for entrance exams to enroll in Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University must wait for the release of the merit list. The admission process will occur offline with two rounds of counselling. After counselling, candidates who are assigned a seat must submit hard copies of the required documents at their assigned institution.
The constituent colleges of Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research University conduct their 1st semester BPharm exams on the dates prescribed by the university. Students can check their results by heading to the Examinations tab on the DPSRU official website and navigating to the Results section from the official university portal on the Examination tab under the Results section (dpsru.edu.in).
To pursue BPharm from Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, an applicant must have passed with a minimum of 55% aggregate in class 12 from the Science stream. Admission into BPharm course of DPSRU Delhi depends upon the aggregate of 3 subjects: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics/Biology. For students who have opted for both, the best of two from Maths or Biology will be considered.
DPSRU BPharm Curriculum
The syllabus for BPharm course of four-year is divided into eight semesters. Thus, the curriculum is inclusive of semester-wise list of subjects. During the course, students have to complete an industrial training of 30 days to be declared eligible for the degree. It is normally arranged at the end of fourth semester either in one stretch or two stretches during end semester vacations. Aspirants can download the DPSRU BPharm curriculum PDF from the below table:
| Specialization | Curriculum |
|---|---|
| B.Pharma. in Ayurveda |
Commonly asked questions On Curriculum
Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University BPharm Ayurveda syllabus includes its core topics and related subjects. In the first semester, the students study basic concepts of the subject. Mentioned below are a few topics that are covered in the first semester:
- Environmental Science
- Sanskrit
- Fundamentals of Ayurveda including Swasthavritta
- Fundamentals of Dravyaguna Vigyan-I
- Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, etc.
Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University offers four-year BPharm course divided into across eight semesters. The university offers BPharm General and BPharm Ayurved at the UG level. Besides, the university also offers lateral entry to BPharm course. Aspirants who have completed Class 12 with PCM or PCB subjects with at least 55% aggregate can apply for BPharm.
Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research University offers a variety of courses in various healthcare sciences and related fields at both UG and PG levels. Such as BPharm, MPharm, Executive MPharm, MSc (Clinical Research), BMLT, BBA (Healthcare), BSc (H) (Biomedical Science), MBA (Pharmaceutical Management), etc., in a variety of specialisations. DPSRU Delhi also offers various PhD, Diploma and Skill certification courses.
DPSRU B.PharmaDPSRU BPharm Seats 2025
There are a total of 140 seats for the BPharm programmes. Out of the total seat intake, some of the seats are for reserved category candidates. Aspirants with valid documents can claim the reservation benefit. Below is the category-wise DPSRU seat reservation percentage:
|
Category |
Reservation % |
|---|---|
|
SC |
15% |
|
ST |
7.5% |
|
OBC |
27% |
Aspirants can check out the table given below for DPSRU BPharm seat intake:
| Courses | Seats |
|---|---|
| Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm.) | 100 |
| B.Pharma. in Ayurveda | 40 |
Commonly asked questions On Seats
There are a total of 140 seats for the BPharm courses. Candidates are admitted as per the sanctioned intake and performance in the selection rounds. It is within the rights of the university to revise the seat count. The mentioned seat intake is as per the official website/ sanctioning body. It is still subject to changes and hence, is indicative.
The university has a total of 40 seats for the DPSRU BPharm in Ayurveda course. Aspirants are admitted as per the sanctioned seat intake. There are reserved seats as well as per the guidelines of the state government. It must be noted that the seat count mentioned here is as per the official website/ sanctioning body. It is subject to changes and hence, is indicative.
DPSRU B.Pharma Placements 2025
The latest B.Pharma placement statistics of DPSRU will be updated as and when it is released. To check out the overall placement highlights of DPSRU aspirants can click here.
Insights on Placements
Based on 31 Student Responses
Internships and industry projects
Students can work with faculty on research projects
Employment opportunities
Higher in core jobs
Higher studies preferences
Majority opted in India
Placement support
Organized & proactive placement process
Alumni network
Strong alumni network that help with placement opportunities
Entrepreneurship cell
Very Active and resourceful, college is also involved
Overall feeling of students
Loved in first year but not in later years
Commonly asked questions On Placements
According to Pharmacy NIRF report 2024, the key highlights of DPSRU BPharm placements over the past three years are presented below:
Particulars | BPharm Placement Statistics (2021) | BPharm Placement Statistics (2022) | BPharm Placement Statistics (2023) |
|---|---|---|---|
Median package | INR 4.2 LPA | INR 4.5 LPA | INR 3.66 LPA |
Total students | 125 | 133 | 152 |
Students placed | 16 | 16 | 15 |
Students opted for higher studies | 99 | 104 | 94 |
As per Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University Annual Report 2023, the the highest and average package offered during MBA/MPH/MSc/MHM placements 2023 stood at INR 15 LPA and INR 5.67 LPA, respectively.
The highest and average package offered during DPSRU MPharm placements 2023 stood at INR 15 LPA and INR 6.84 LPA, respectively. Further, according to Pharmacy NIRF report 2024, the key highlights of DPSRU MPharm placements over the past three years are presented below:
Particulars | MPharm Placement Statistics (2021) | MPharm Placement Statistics (2022) | MPharm Placement Statistics (2023) |
|---|---|---|---|
Median package | INR 5.6 LPA | INR 6.52 LPA | INR 5.65 LPA |
Total students | 100 | 113 | 118 |
Students placed | 88 | 90 | 50 |
Students opted for higher studies | 5 | 10 | 8 |
According to data on Linkedin and official statements from Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research University the Research sector has placed the most no. of Alumni from DPSRU, with Healthcare coming as a close second. Students at DPSRU Delhi have secured promising roles across Formulation Development, Clinical Research, Regulatory Affairs, Business Analysis, Healthcare, Research & Development, HEOR, Hospital & Community Pharmacy, and Sales & Marketing.
DPSRU BPharm vs Other Similar Universities
There are nearly 140 BPharm Colleges in Delhi NCR. Hence, the confusion regarding college selection is common. Students not able to make a decision can compare their preferred colleges/ universities. Some of the parameters that can be taken into consideration are fees, placements, faculty, and location. Students can check out some of the colleges/ universities that offer BPharm programmes in Delhi NCR below:
- BPharm at Jamia Hamdard
- BPharm at Amity Noida
- BPharm at KR Mangalam University
- BPharm at Mangalmay Pharmacy College
- BPharm at GGSIPU, etc.
The table given below presents a DPSRU College Comparison of its BPharm course:
Compare B.Pharma at DPSRU with other similar colleges
| College | Median Salary | Total Tuition Fees | Ranking |
|---|---|---|---|
| ₹ 3.66 LPA | ₹ 2.4 L | -/- | |
| ₹ 4.95 LPA | ₹ 9.6 L | -/- | |
| ₹ 8.15 LPA | ₹ 4.34 L | -/- | |
| ₹ 3.6 LPA | ₹ 9.12 L | -/- | |
| -/- | ₹ 2 L - 8 L | -/- | |
| ₹ 3 LPA | ₹ 2.99 L - 4.9 L | -/- |
Compare
Commonly asked questions On Comparisons
The total course fee is cumulative of multiple components. Students need to pay the course fee amount once the final selection is done. With fee and placements, the return on investment can be calculated. Table below showcases the DPSRU and Jamia Hamdard fee details:
| Institute | Total Tuition Fee |
|---|---|
| BPharm at DPSRU | INR 2.4 lakh |
| BPharm at Jamia Hamdard | INR 5.8 Lacs - INR 8.8 lakh |
NOTE: The given fee information is as per the official website/ sanctioning body. It is still subject to revision and hence, is indicative.
DPSRU B.PharmaExplore Other Courses
DPSRU B.PharmaStudents Ratings & Reviews
Placements3.7
Infrastructure3.8
Faculty & Course4.2
Campus Life3.9
Value for Money4
(1) 1 person found this helpful(1) 1 person found this helpfulDPSRU BPharm 2025 FAQs
DPSRU BPharm 2025 FAQs are below:
Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University offers admission to BPharm course based on merit in the last qualifying exam. Candidates must pass Class 12 with PCM/ PCB with at least 55% aggregate (50% aggregate for SC/ ST/ OBC/ PwD) to apply for BPharm course. Candidates who have been awarded grades in the examination which make them eligible for admission should also submit conversion certificate of numerical marks from the concerned authority.
The aspirants of BPharm at DPSRU have to submit certain documents. These are required for verification purposes. Mentioned below are the documents:
- Class 10 and Class 12 marksheet
- Date of birth certificate
- Provisional certificate from the school last attended
- Proof of gap period after passing Class 12 (if any)
- Character certificate from the school last attended
- Medical certificate from a medical practitioner holding a degree (at least MBBS)
- Scanned photograph and signature
- Caste and income certificates
In this course, the topics are related to the field of Ayurveda. Students get to learn the core subjects. With a industrial training included in the curriculum, the graduates become job ready. Mentioned below are some of the topics that are covered in the DPRSU BPharm in Ayurveda programme:
- Rasha Shastra
- Fundamentals of Ayurveda including Swasthavritta
- Pharmaceutical Biology
- Pharmacology
- Herbal Drug Technology, etc.
Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU) has a 100% placement rate for all courses. The median package offered to B.Pharm students was INR 4.50 LPA for the 2021-2022 academic year. During the DPSRU placement drive 2022, more than 20 companies visited the campus, and a total of 49 students were placed in top companies such as Dr. Reddy’s, PharmaAce, ZS Associates, among others. Students were offered multiple roles such as Research, Pharmacovigilance, Analytics, Consulting, Ed-Tech, Marketing, Business Consulting, and HRM in addition to the core pharmacist profiles. According to the NIRF report 2023, a total of 106 out of 246 BPharma and MPharma students were placed during placements 2022. Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR) has an average package of INR 4 LPA for B.Pharm students, and the top recruiting companies include Sun Pharma, Cipla, and Dr. Reddy.
DPSRU Delhi provides students with a vibrant placement landscape to students. The Training and Placement Cell at Delhi Pharmaceutical Science and Research University provides students with a holistic learning environment with events, trainings, seminars, etc.
During the DPSRU placements 2025, the salary packages were offered in the range of INR 8-12 LPA. Top recruiters include Sun Pharma, WNS, AdametNext, Xogene, Wings, Cipla, Fresenius Kabi, Red Health, Chetra, Apothecaries, EBM Health, Eli Lilly, among others.
To get admission in M.PHARM in CLINICAL RESEARCH you should be GPAT qualified with good rank and you should have scored minimum 60% (aggregation of all semester) in your bachelor's.
You may get admission directly if you have completed your bachelor's from DPSRU but the priority will be the GPAT qualified candidates.
No, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University does not offer any form of direct admission. Interested candidates who wish to apply must upload the qualifying marksheet with seat allocation depending on it and competition for their preferred location/institute. Candidates must report for admission with hard copies of the required documents.
The highest package offered during DPSRU placements 2023 is presented below:
Course | the highest Package (2023) |
|---|---|
MBA/MPH/MHM/MSc AIPM | INR 15 LPA |
MPharm | INR 15 LPA |
Yes, DPSRU admissions are based on the merit basis and students can obtain admission on the basis of merit obtained in their Higher Secondary/10+2 or other previous qualifying examination. Students can head to the official website of the university and apply online. Students achieving 85% can apply with confidence for their preferred course via the official website.
Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University admissions usually begin in May with the application process. The applications for UG and Diploma courses continues till June whereas, the application deadline for PG courses is in July. Candidates can apply online or collect the form from the university campus.
The last date to apply for Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University admission will depend on the course and level of the course the candidates wish to opt for. Here is a general overview: Application forms for all courses began on May 16, 2025 with applications ending on May 20, 2025 except for candidates opting for lateral entry into BPharm. However, the last date for PG course applications is 14 days after the announcement of the CUET/GPAT Result.
According to Unofficial sources, the sector-wise DPSRU alumni placement statistics is presented below:
Note: The “Others” category includes the sectors of Business Development, Marketing, Community & Social Service, Median & Communication, Sales, IT, HR, Administrative, Consulting, Customer Success & Support and Legal.
The above-mentioned data is gathered from unofficial sources, hence may vary.
According to official statements and brochures released by Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University admission is only offered in online mode of applications to any of its programmes. No applications or requests for admission by mail or post will be entertained. Interested candidates must apply online for their preferred course through the university admission portal.
DPSRU BPharm admissions generally begin in May. The applications are accepted till June. Candidates seeking admission must know the important dates. The university does not accept any applications after the end date. Moreover, the important dates may get published on the official website or can be confirmed with the admission office.
Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University was established in 2008, by the State legislature of Delhi with Act No. 07 of 2008. It is the first Pharmaceutical University of India and is affiliated with 8 institutes that are:
1. Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR University Delhi)
2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (SPS)
3. School of Physiotherapy (SoP)
4. DPSRU Innovation and Incubation Foundation (DIIF)
5. School of Allied Health Sciences & Management (SAHSM)
6. Yoga & Fitness Centre
7. World Class Skill Development Centre (WCSC)
8. Academy of Sports Sciences Research and Management (ASSRM)
DPSRU
Student Forum
Anything you would want to ask experts?Answered 2 weeks ago
DPSRU offers courses at UG, PG, diploma, certificate and doctoral levels. The university offers courses across streams such as Pharmacy, Health Sciences, Medicine, etc. Candidates can apply for any of the offered courses online by paying INR 1,000. Admission to DPSRU courses is merit and entrance-ba
N
Guide-Level 15
Answered 2 weeks ago
DPSRU reserves some seats for candidates belonging to reserved category. Such aspirants need to provide documents to prove their claim. Below is the reservation criteria followed:
| Category | Reservation % |
|---|---|
| SC | 15% |
| ST | 7.5% |
| OBC | 27% |
N
Guide-Level 15
Answered 2 weeks ago
DPSRU provides fee concession to students fulfilling any of the below criteria:
- Students holding specific scholarships are exempted from payment of tuition fee on application.
- In case two or more brothers/ sisters are pursuing a course from the university, then brother/ sister studying in the lower cl
N
Guide-Level 15
Answered 2 weeks ago
Candidates can get the application form of DPSRU offline. Aspirants can only apply online on the university's website. Candidates need to pay INR 1,000 to apply for a course. Once the form is submitted, candidates become eligible to participate in the selection process.
N
Guide-Level 15
Answered 7 months ago
The Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research University is a government-owned university. It was established in 2008 by the State legislature of Delhi with Act No. 07 of 2008 and is the first Pharmaceutical University of India. DPSRU Delhi functions as a 100% grant-in-aid State Government University
C
Contributor-Level 8
Content authored by:
Updated on May 23, 2025
DPSRUTake a look at Campus
Header Image
Entrance
Auditorium
Campus Building
GymDPSRU News & Updates
DPSRUContact Information
DPSRU Campus
Puspvihar Sector 3
Delhi
(For general query)
(For admission query)
What are the courses offered at DPSRU?