Chemistry in Everyday Life

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(a, d) Sodium salts of sulphonated long chain alcohol and sodium salts of sulphonated long chain hydrocarbons are anionic detergents e.g., Sodium laurylsulphate CH₃ (CH₂)₁₀CH₂OSO₃^– Na⁺ and sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate.

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(a, d) Tranquilizers are neurologically active drugs. Veronal and luminal are derivatives of barbituric acid used as tranquilizers.

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(a, d) Ranitidine and cimetidine are antihistamines which are used as ant-acids. These drug result in release of lesser amount of acid. Brompheniramine and terfenadine are antihistamines which act as antiallergic in drugs.

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(b, d) Sodium Hydrogen carbonate and Magnism Hydroxide, both are mild alkalies, are used as ant-acids.

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(c, d) Penicillin destroys bacteria by destroying the cell wall of the microorganism or kill the bacteria so, it has bacteriocidal effect. Penicillin has a narrow or limited spectrum.

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(a, b, c)

(a) Iproniazid is a hydrazine drug used as an antidepressant.

(b) Phenelzine is also known as Nardil. It is used in the treatment of major depressive disorder.

(c) Equanil is used in controlling depression and hypertension.

(d) Salvarsan is an antibacterial drug. It is used in the treatment of Syphilis.

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(a, b)

(a) Sulphapyridine is a sulphonamide antibacterial drug.

(b) Prontosil is also called sulphamidochrysoidine.

(c) Salvarsan is arsenic based antibacterial drug.

(d) Nardil is an antidepressant drug.

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(a, b) Barbiturates are tranquilizers which are used as hypnotics or sleep inducing agents.

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(b, c)

(a) CHCl₃  (chloroform) was used as an anaesthesia in surgery but now it is used in the production of the Freon refrigerant R-22.

(b) Iodoform (CFH₃) produces iodine on coming in contact with skin, so it is used as an antiseptic for wounds.

(c) Boric acid (IT₃BO₃) in dilute aqueous solution is a weak antiseptic for eyes. Thus, chemical messenger gives message to the all without entering the cell.

(d) Chlorine in the concentration of 0.2 of 0.4 ppm in aqueous solution and sulphur dioxide in very low concentrations, are disinfectants.

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(b, d) Table salt and cane sugar are used, as food preservatives while sodium hydrogen carbonate and benzoic acid are not used as food preservatives.