Ncert Solutions Maths class 12th

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New answer posted•a year ago

Ncert Solutions Maths class 12th Three Dimensional Geometry

43. Find the vector equation of the line passing through $(1, 2, 3)$ and perpendicular to the plane

$\vec{r} = (\hat{i} + 2 \hat{j} - 5 \hat{k}) + 9 = 0$

6 Views|Posted a year ago

Asked by Vishal Baghel

Answered by

Vishal Baghel | Contributor-Level 10

a year ago

The position vector of the point $(1, 2, 3)$ is $\vec{r} = \hat{i} + 2 \hat{j} + 3 \hat{k}$

The direction ratios of the normal to the plane, $\vec{r} = (\hat{i} + 2 \hat{j} - 5 \hat{k}) + 9 = 0$ , are $1, 2, a n d - 5$ and the normal vector is $\vec{N} = (\hat{i} + 2 \hat{j} - 5 \hat{k})$

The equation of a line passing through a point and perpendicular to the given plane is given by,

$\vec{l} = \vec{r} + λ \vec{N}, λ \in R \Rightarrow \vec{l} = (\hat{i} + 2 \hat{j} + 3 \hat{k}) + λ (\hat{i} + 2 \hat{j} - 5 \hat{k})$

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New answer posted•a year ago

Ncert Solutions Maths class 12th Three Dimensional Geometry

42. If the lines $\frac{x - 3}{- 3} = \frac{y - 2}{2 k} = \frac{z - 3}{2} & \frac{x - 1}{3 k} = \frac{y - 1}{1} = \frac{z - 6}{- 5}$ are perpendicular, find the value of k

7 Views|Posted a year ago

Asked by Vishal Baghel

Answered by

Vishal Baghel | Contributor-Level 10

a year ago

The direction of ratios of the lines, $\frac{x - 3}{- 3} = \frac{y - 2}{2 k} = \frac{z - 3}{2} & \frac{x - 1}{3 k} = \frac{y - 1}{1} = \frac{z - 6}{- 5}$ , are $- 3, 2 k, 2 a n d 3 k, 1, - 5$ respectively.

It is known that two lines with direction ratios, $a_{1}, b_{1}, c_{1} a n d a_{2}, b_{2}, c_{2}$ , are perpendicular, if $a_{1} a_{2} + b_{1} b_{2} + c_{1} c_{2} = 0$

$\begin{array}{l} ∴ - 3 (3 k) + 2 k \times 1 + 2 (- 5) = 0 \\ \Rightarrow - 9 k + 2 k - 10 = 0 \\ \Rightarrow 7 k = - 10 \\ \Rightarrow k = \frac{- 10}{7} \end{array}$

Therefore, for k= -10/7, the given lines are perpendicular to each other.

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New answer posted•a year ago

Ncert Solutions Maths class 12th Three Dimensional Geometry

41. If the coordinates of the points A, B, C, D be (1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 7), (−4, 3, −6) and (2, 9, 2) respectively, then find the angle between the lines AB and CD.

6 Views|Posted a year ago

Asked by Vishal Baghel

Answered by

Vishal Baghel | Contributor-Level 10

a year ago

The coordinates of $A, B, C, a n d D a r e (1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 7), ( - 4, 3, - 6),$ and $(2, 9, 2)$ respectively.

The direction ratios of $A B a r e (4 - 1) = 3, (5 - 2) = 3, a n d (7 - 3) = 4$

The direction ratios of $C D a r e (2 - (- 4)) = 6, (9 - 3) = 6, a n d (2 - (- 6)) = 8$

It can be seen that, $\frac{a_{1}}{a_{2}} = \frac{b_{1}}{b_{2}} = \frac{c_{1}}{c_{2}} = \frac{1}{2}$

Therefore, AB is parallel to CD.

Thus, the angle between $A B a n d C D i s e i t h e r 0 ° o r 18$ $0$ $° .$

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New answer posted•a year ago

Ncert Solutions Maths class 12th Three Dimensional Geometry

40. Find the equation of the line parallel to x-axis and passing through the origin.

33 Views|Posted a year ago

Asked by Vishal Baghel

Answered by

Vishal Baghel | Contributor-Level 10

a year ago

The line parallel to x-axis and passing through the origin is x-axis itself.

Let A be a point on x-axis. Therefore, the coordinates of A are given by $(a, 0, 0), w h e r e a ? R .$ Direction ratios of $O A a r e (a ? 0) = a, 0, 0$

The equation of OA is given by,

$\begin{array}{l} \frac{x ? 0}{a} = \frac{y ? 0}{0} = \frac{z ? 0}{0} \\ ? \frac{x}{1} = \frac{y}{0} = \frac{z}{0} = a \end{array}$

Thus, the equation of line parallel to x-axis and passing throu

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New answer posted•a year ago

Ncert Solutions Maths class 12th Three Dimensional Geometry

39. If $l_{1}, m_{1}, n_{1} a n d l_{2}, m_{2}, n_{2}$ are the direction cosines of two mutually perpendicular lines, show that the direction cosines of the line perpendicular to both of these are $m_{1} n_{2} - m_{2} n_{1}, n_{1} l_{2} - n_{2} l_{1}, l_{1} m_{2} - l_{2} m_{1} .$

22 Views|Posted a year ago

Asked by Vishal Baghel

Answered by

Vishal Baghel | Contributor-Level 10

a year ago

It is given that $l_{1}, m_{1}, n_{1} a n d l_{2}, m_{2}, n_{2}$ are the direction cosines of two mutually perpendicular lines. Therefore,

$\begin{array}{l} l_{1} l_{2} + m_{1} m_{2} + n_{1} n_{2} = 0 . . . . . . . . . . (1) \\ {l_{1}}^{2} + {m_{1}}^{2} + n_{1}^{2} = 1 . . . . . . . . . . (2) \\ {l_{2}}^{2} + {m_{2}}^{2} + n_{2}^{2} = 1 . . . . . . . . . . (3) \end{array}$

Let $l, m, n$ be the direction cosines of the line which is perpendicular to the line with direction cosines $l_{1}, m_{1}, n_{1} a n d l_{2}, m_{2}, n_{2} .$

$\begin{array}{l} ∴ l l_{1} + m m_{1} + n n_{1} = 0 \\ l l_{2} + m m_{2} + n n_{2} = 0 \\ ∴ \frac{l}{m_{1} n_{2} - m_{2} n_{1}} = \frac{m}{n_{1} l_{2} - n_{2} l_{1}} = \frac{n}{l_{1} m_{2} - l_{2} m_{1}} \\ \Rightarrow \frac{l^{2}}{{(m_{1} n_{2} - m_{2} n_{1})}^{2}} = \frac{m^{2}}{{(n_{1} l_{2} - n_{2} l_{1})}^{2}} = \frac{n^{2}}{{(l_{1} m_{2} - l_{2} m_{1})}^{2}} \\ \Rightarrow \frac{l^{2}}{{(m_{1} n_{2} - m_{2} n_{1})}^{2}} = \frac{m^{2}}{{(n_{1} l_{2} - n_{2} l_{1})}^{2}} = \frac{n^{2}}{{(l_{1} m_{2} - l_{2} m_{2})}^{2}} \\ = \frac{l^{2} + m^{2} + n^{2}}{{(m_{1} n_{2} - m_{2} n_{1})}^{2} + {(n_{1} l_{2} - n_{2} l_{1})}^{2} + {(l_{1} m_{2} - l_{2} m_{2})}^{2}} . . . . . . . . . . (4) \end{array}$

$l, m, n$ are the direction cosines of the line.

$∴ l^{2} + m^{2} + n^{2} = 1 \dots (5)$

It is known that,

$\begin{array}{l} ({l_{1}}^{2} + {m_{1}}^{2} + n_{1}^{2}) ({l_{2}}^{2} + {m_{2}}^{2} + n_{2}^{2}) - {(l_{1} l_{2} + m_{1} m_{2} + n_{1} n_{2})}^{2} \\ = {(m_{1} n_{2} - m_{2} n_{1})}^{2} + {(n_{1} l_{2} - n_{2} l_{1})}^{2} + {(l_{1} m_{2} - l_{2} m_{1})}^{2} \\ F r o m, (1), (2) & (3), w e . o b t a i n \\ \Rightarrow 1.1 - 0 = {(m_{1} n_{2} - m_{2} n_{1})}^{2} + {(n_{1} l_{2} - n_{2} l_{1})}^{2} + {(l_{1} m_{2} - l_{2} m_{1})}^{2} \\ ∴ {(m_{1} n_{2} - m_{2} n_{1})}^{2} + {(n_{1} l_{2} - n_{2} l_{1})}^{2} + {(l_{1} m_{2} - l_{2} m_{1})}^{2} = 1 . . . . . . . . . . (6) \end{array}$

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New answer posted•a year ago

Ncert Solutions Maths class 12th Three Dimensional Geometry

38. Show that the line joining the origin to the point $(2, 1, 1)$ is perpendicular to the line determined by the points $(3, 5, - 1), (4, 3, - 1) .$

4 Views|Posted a year ago

Asked by Vishal Baghel

Answered by

Vishal Baghel | Contributor-Level 10

a year ago

Let OA be the line joining the origin, $O (0, 0, 0),$ and the point, $A (2, 1, 1) .$

Also, let BC be the line joining the points, $B (3, 5, - 1) a n d C (4, 3, - 1) .$

The direction ratios of $O A a r e 2, 1, a n d 1 a n d o f B C a r e (4 - 3) = 1, (3 - 5) = - 2, a n d (- 1 + 1) = 0$

OA is perpendicular to $B C, i f a_{1} a_{2} + b_{1} b_{2} + c_{1} c_{2} = 0$

$∴ a_{1} a_{2} + b_{1} b_{2} + c_{1} c_{2} = 2 \times 1 + 1 (- 2) + 1 \times 0 = 2 - 2 = 0$

Thus, OA is perpendicular to BC.

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New answer posted•a year ago

Ncert Solutions Maths class 12th Three Dimensional Geometry

37. In the following cases find the distances of each of the given points from the corresponding given plane:

$\begin{array}{l} \end{array} (a) P o i n t (0, 0, 0) P l a n e 3 x - 4 y + 12 z = 3$

$(b) P o i n t (3, - 2, 1) P l a n e 2 x - y + 2 z + 3 = 0$

$c) P o i n t (2, 3, - 5) P l a n e x + 2 y - 2 z = 9$

$(d) P o i n t (- 6, 0, 0) P l a n e 2 x - 3 y + 6 z - 2 = 0$

6 Views|Posted a year ago

Asked by Vishal Baghel

Answered by

Vishal Baghel | Contributor-Level 10

a year ago

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New answer posted•a year ago

Ncert Solutions Maths class 12th Three Dimensional Geometry

36. In the following cases, determine whether the given planes are parallel or perpendicular and in case they are neither, find the angle between them.

$\begin{array}{l} \end{array} (a) 7 x + 5 y + 6 z + 30 = 0 a n d 3 x - y - 10 z + 4 = 0$

$(b) 2 x + y + 3 z - 2 = 0 a n d x - 2 y + 5 = 0$

$(c) 2 x - 2 y + 4 z + 5 = 0 a n d 3 x - 3 y + 6 z - 1$

$(d) 2 x - y + 3 z - 1 = 0 a n d 2 x - y + 3 z + 3 = 0$

$(e) 4 x + 8 y + z - 8 = 0 a n d y + z - 4 = 0$

7 Views|Posted a year ago

Asked by Vishal Baghel

Answered by

Vishal Baghel | Contributor-Level 10

a year ago

The direction ratios of normal to the plane, $L_{1} : a_{1} x + b_{1} y + c_{1} z = 0 .$ , are $a_{1}, b_{1}, c_{1}$ and $L_{2} : a_{2} x + b_{2} y + c_{2} z = 0 .$

$L_{1}$
$\begin{array}{l} L_{2}, i f \frac{a_{1}}{a_{2}} = \frac{b_{1}}{b_{2}} = \frac{c_{1}}{c_{2}} \\ L_{1} ⊥ L_{2}, i f a_{1} a_{2} + b_{1} b_{2} + c_{1} c_{2} = 0 \end{array}$

The angle between $L_{1} & L_{2}$ is given by,

(b) The equations of the planes are $2 x + y + 3 z - 2 = 0 a n d x - 2 y + 5 = 0$

$\begin{array}{l} a_{1} = 2, b_{1} = 1, c_{1} = 3 & a_{2} =, b_{2} = - 2, c_{2} = \\ a_{1} a_{2} + b_{1} b_{2} + c_{1} c_{2} = 2 \times 1 + 1 \times (- 2) + 3 \times 0 = 0 \end{array}$

Thus, the given planes are perpendicular to each other.

(c) The equations of the given planes are

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New answer posted•a year ago

Ncert Solutions Maths class 12th Three Dimensional Geometry

35. Find the angle between the planes whose vector equations are $\vec{r} . (2 \hat{i} + 2 \hat{j} - 3 \hat{k}) = 5 & \vec{r} . (3 \hat{i} - 3 \hat{j} + 5 \hat{k}) = 3$

7 Views|Posted a year ago

Asked by Vishal Baghel

Answered by

Vishal Baghel | Contributor-Level 10

a year ago

The equations of the given planes are $\vec{r} . (2 \hat{i} + 2 \hat{j} - 3 \hat{k}) = 5 & \vec{r} . (3 \hat{i} - 3 \hat{j} + 5 \hat{k}) = 3$

It is known that if n1 and n2 are normal to the planes, $\vec{r} . \vec{n_{1}} = d_{1} & \vec{r} . \vec{n_{2}} = d_{2}$ then the angle between them, Q, is given by,

$c o s Q = | \frac{\vec{n_{1}} . \vec{n_{2}}}{| \vec{n_{1}} | | \vec{n_{2}} |} | . . . . . . . . . . (1)$

$\begin{array}{l} H e r e, \vec{n_{1}} = 2 \hat{i} + 2 \hat{j} - 3 \hat{k} & \vec{n_{2}} = 3 \hat{i} - 3 \hat{j} + 5 \hat{k} \\ ∴ \vec{n_{1}} . \vec{n_{2}} = (2 \hat{i} + 2 \hat{j} - 3 \hat{k}) (3 \hat{i} - 3 \hat{j} + 5 \hat{k}) = 2.3 + 2 . (- 3) + (- 3) . 5 = - 15 \\ | \vec{n_{1}} | = = \\ | \vec{n_{2}} | = = \end{array}$

Substituting the value of $\vec{n_{1}} . \vec{n_{2}}$ $| \vec{n_{1}} | & | \vec{n_{2}} |$ in equation (1), we obtain

$\begin{array}{l} c o s Q = | \frac{- 15}{.} | \\ \Rightarrow c o s Q = \frac{15}{} \\ \Rightarrow c o s Q^{- 1} = (\frac{15}{}) \end{array}$

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New answer posted•a year ago

Ncert Solutions Maths class 12th Three Dimensional Geometry

34. Find the equation of the plane through the line of intersection of the planes $x + y + z = 1 a n d 2 x + 3 y + 4 z = 5$ which is perpendicular to the plane $x - y + z = 0$

5 Views|Posted a year ago

Asked by Vishal Baghel

Answered by

Vishal Baghel | Contributor-Level 10

a year ago

The equation of the plane through the intersection of the planes, $x + y + z = 1 a n d 2 x + 3 y + 4 z = 5$ , is

$(x + y + z - 1) + λ (2 x + 3 y + 4 z - 5)$

$\Rightarrow (2 λ + 1) x + (3 λ + 1) y + (4 λ + 1) z - (5 λ + 1) = 0 . . . . . . . . . . (1)$

The direction ratios, $a_{1}, b_{1}, c_{1},$ of this plane are $(2 λ + 1), (3 λ + 1), a n d (4 λ + 1) .$

The plane in equation (1) is perpendicular to $x - y + z = 0$

Its direction ratios, $a_{2}, b_{2}, c_{2},$ are $1, - 1, a n d 1$ .

Since the planes are perpendicular,

$\begin{array}{l} a_{1} a_{2} + b_{1} b_{2} + c_{1} c_{2} = 0 \\ \Rightarrow (2 λ + 1) - (3 λ + 1) + (4 λ + 1) = 0 \\ \Rightarrow 3 λ + 1 = 0 \\ \Rightarrow λ = - \frac{1}{3} \end{array}$

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Ncert Solutions Maths class 12th

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