Computers & IT (Non-Engg)

Batch operating system:
The users of a batch operating system do not interact with the computer directly. Each user prepares his job on an off-line device like punch cards and submits it to the computer operator. To speed up processing, jobs with similar needs are batched together and run as a group. The programmers leave their programs with the operator and the operator then sorts the programs with similar requirements into batches.
Time-sharing operating systems:
Time-sharing is a technique which enables many people, located at various terminals, to use a particular computer system at the same time. Time-sharing or multitasking is a logical extension of multiprogramming. Processor's time which is shared among multiple users simultaneously is termed as time-sharing.
Distributed operating System:
Distributed systems use multiple central processors to serve multiple real-time applications and multiple users. Data processing jobs are distributed among the processors accordingly.
Network operating System:
A Network Operating System runs on a server and provides the server the capability to manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and other networking functions. The primary purpose of the network operating system is to allow shared file and printer access among multiple computers in a network, typically a local area network (LAN), a private network or to other networks.
Real Time operating System:
A real-time system is defined as a data processing system in which the time interval required to process and respond to inputs is so small that it controls the environment. The time taken by the system to respond to an input and display of required updated information is termed as the response time. So in this method, the response time is very less as compared to online processing.
Hard real-time systems:
Hard real-time systems guarantee that critical tasks complete on time. In hard real-time systems, secondary storage is limited or missing and the data is stored in ROM. In these systems, virtual memory is almost never found.
Soft real-time systems:
Soft real-time systems are less restrictive. A critical real-time task gets priority over other tasks and retains the priority until it completes. Soft real-time systems have limited utility than hard real-time systems. For example, multimedia, virtual reality and Advanced Scientific Projects like undersea exploration and planetary rovers, etc.

If you'd like to train to become a cyber security specialist, you should obtain a 4-year Bachelor's degree in computer programming, computer science, information science or computer engineering. English, statistics and mathematics courses will be needed as well. In some instances, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), relevant work experience combined with certification may be sufficient for employment (www.bls.gov).
At some universities, you can enroll in certificate programs in cyber security, which offer classes such as operating systems, biometrics concepts, network defense and advanced security. They might also offer a course in Comp Tia Security+ Certification. Associate's degree training may consist of subjects such as operating system security, computer forensics, security procedures, network security applications, encryption and fundamentals of information security.
A Bachelor's degree program will include classes such as advanced computer security and advanced operating systems. Additionally, it might include studies in programming, principles of software engineering, criminal justice, mathematics, technical writing, computer forensics and network security.