Engineering

First you must pass your 12th (maths). And then you may attempt in JEE exam for IIT admission and various universities entrance exam for admission in there

You can opt for non state college and appear for exams like state exam/ LPUNEST/ JEE/ CUCET.

You can get branches like mining and metallurgy easily.

If you are getting CSE in both, it will be better if you go for NIT Surathkal.

Materials Science and engineering study the properties and structures of metals, cremics, plastics, composites, nanomaterial and other substance in order to create a new materials that meet certain mechanical, electrical and chemical requirements.

It is the point that the difficulty of the exam doesn't depend on the shift and the date it is being conducted .
Actually most of the JEE papers are said to be tough at the ending days of the exam than those that are at the starting days of the exam. But regardless of all these criteria , my suggestion to you is ,"Don't worry about the exam to be tough or easy. Just stay relaxed and calm. And attempt only those questions which you are confident with."
All the best for your exam.

The rank of your son is good to get CSE in VIT. As for the counseling date, it depends on the schedule announced by the university. Usually, the counseling schedule is announced on the official website of VIT University after the declaration of VITEEE results. It is advisable to check the official website regularly for updates on the counseling schedule and other related information.

No, this is not compulsory. But you must submit your recent photo.

First you have to pass 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry and math. Then you have to give entrance exams like JEE to get CSE branch in good institute like IITs/NITs/IIITs etc. You can also go in private colleges without any entrance exam.

This will totally depends on the chances. It is advised to give the second session exam.