IISER Pune - Indian Institute of Science Education & Research
Video Play Icon3 Videos,
14 Photos
IISER Pune - Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Logo

IISER Pune Admission 2025: Eligibility, Fees, Registration, Courses, Application Process, Dates

  • Public/Government Institute
  • Estd. 2006
Dark Clock Icon Last updated on 10 Oct '25

IISER Pune Admissions
What's new?

Accordion Icon V3

Video stories

Accordion Icon V3
  • Courses & Fees
  • Infrastructure

IISER Pune Admission Overview 2025

Accordion Icon V3
Q&A Icon
Commonly asked questions
Q:   How much does B.Sc at IISER Pune - Indian Institute of Science Education & Research cost?
A: 

Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune B.Sc fee per year is 3,56,000 INR (Yearly).The B.Sc. program at IISER Pune is part of the BS-MS dual degree program, integrating bachelor's and master's programs for a holistic science education. The courses offered include B.S. in Biological Science + M.S. in Biological Science and B.S. in Mathematical Sciences + M.S. in Mathematical Sciences. Admission to the BS-MS program at IISER Pune is coordinated through a pan-IISER Joint Admissions Committee for all IISERs across India

AskShikshaGPT on App
Q:   What is the highest salary in IISER Pune?
A: 

The IISER placements highest package is yet to be released. However, the median package has been disclosed. As per the NIRF report 2024, the median package offered to BS+MS students during 2023 placements was INR 8.30 LPA. Check the below table to know the IISER package details:

CourseMedian Package (2023)
BS+MSINR 8.30 LPA

 NOTE: The above salary data is fetched from the NIRF report 2024. 

AskShikshaGPT on App
Q:   What is the marks required for IISER Pune BS-MS course?
A: 

As per the IISER Pune cutoff 2025, the Round 1 closing rank for most of the BS-MS specialisations stod at 355 for the General AI category students. So, candidates seeking admission must target securing a cutoff rank up to 355 or lower to improve their chances of getting admission at IISER Pune. 

The Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune has released the cutoffmarks for the BS-MS (Dual Degree) course for the academic year 2025-26. The cut off marks for the IISER Pune BS-MS course are category-wise and are based on the marks obtained in the KVPY, SCB, and JEE (Advanced) examinations.

AskShikshaGPT on App

IISER Pune Eligibility & Selection 2025

Accordion Icon V3
Q&A Icon
Commonly asked questions
Q:   What is the latest cutoff information for admission to B.Sc at IISER Pune - Indian Institute of Science Education & Research?
A: 

According to the IISER Pune cutoff for 2023, the Round 1 closing rank for the General All India category student seeking admission to the BS-MS Dual Degree programme was 175.

 Admissions to the BS-MS programme at IISER Pune are conducted through a centralized process for all IISERs in India.

 The process is coordinated by the Joint Admissions Committee (JAC) for IISERs.

Selection is based on the score obtained in the IISER Aptitude Test (IAT).

Admission also considered scores from KVPY (Kishore Vaigyanik Protsahan Yojana) or JEE Advanced.

AskShikshaGPT on App
Q:   How can I apply for MSc course at IISER Pune?
A: 

For admissions to IISER Pune MSc courses, the candidates are obliged to perform well and secure good scores in the accepted entrance exams, such as IAT, IIT JAM, GATE, etc. To apply, fill out the IISER Pune application form visit the official website of the institution, fill out the form with the required details, pay the application fee and submit it. Moreover, the candidates who got shortlisted in the merit list can pay the course fee to confirm their seat. 

 
AskShikshaGPT on App

IISER Pune Admission Process 2025

Q&A Icon
Commonly asked questions
On Admissions
Q:   Which entrance exams are accepted by IISER Pune for MSc course?
A: 

IISER Pune accepts various national-based/ in-house entrance test scores for admissions to MSc courses. Moreover, which entrance exam is accepted by the institution depends on the specialisation candidates have selected. Check out the name of the specialisation and its accepted entrance exam in the table below:

Names of MSc SpecialisationAccepted Entrance Exam
MSc in ChemistryIIT JAM (Chemistry)
MSc in Earth and Climate Science (Geology)

IIT JAM (Geology)

MSc in MathematicsThe selection to the programme will be based on a two-stage written test conducted by the institute.
MSc in Physics (Quantum Technology)

IIT JAM 2025 exam with one of the following subject codes: MS, MA, PH.

GATE exam with subject codes PH, EE, EC, IN, MA, ST, CS, DA.

Integrated BS + MS Course

They are required to apply for the courses by applying for the IAT (IISER Aptitude Test).

 

IISER Pune MSc Admission 2025

9 courses 2 - 5 years
Accordion Icon V3
icon
1.8L - 3.6L

iconEligibility Criteria

  • Undergraduate Degree with 60% aggregate
  • Accepting Exams: IIT JAM, IISER Entrance Exam, GATE

iconDates & Events

DatesUpcoming Events
5 Jan '26
IIT JAM 2026 Admit Card
15 Feb '26
IIT JAM 2026 Exam Day
20 Mar '26
IIT JAM 2026 Result
DatesPast Events
5 Sep '25 - 20 Sep '25
IIT JAM 2026 Application Process
16 Aug '25 - 19 Aug '25
IISER 2025 Round 4 Seat Allotment
8 Aug '25 - 12 Aug '25
IISER 2025 Round 3 Seat Allotment
Q&A Icon
Commonly asked questions
On M.Sc. Admissions
Q:   What is the selection process for IISER Pune MSc courses?
A: 

The selection process for IISER Pune MSc courses differs according to the specialisations. Moreover, the selection process for the Master of Science course differs according to the offered specialisations. The selection process is done based on candidates' achieved scores on IIT JAM, GATE, IISER Entrance Test and the institute's in-house written test. For the only MSc in Mathematics in Computing Programme, the institute accepts written examination scores conducted by IISER Pune. 

Q:   Can I get direct admissions to MSc course at IISER Pune?
A: 

No, candidates are not allowed to get direct admissions to MSc courses at IISER Pune. Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, is one of the seven Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research, and candidates are not allowed to get direct admission into any of its offered courses. Moreover, to get admissions, candidates are required to appear in the relevant entrance exam associated with the offered specialisation.

View course details

IISER Pune
NIRF Student Diversity Report 2025

Accordion Icon V3
Overall
IISER Pune UG - 5 years student admission report: OverallAccordion Icon V3
UG 5 years2024-25
Total students1149
% Female students
Info Icon
29%
% Outside State Students
Info Icon
75%
International Students
Info Icon
13
Info IconSource : NIRF Report 2025
IISER Pune PG - 2 years student admission report: OverallAccordion Icon V3
PG 2 years2024-25
Total students45
% Female students
Info Icon
40%
% Outside State Students
Info Icon
89%
Info IconSource : NIRF Report 2025
Recommended Colleges

Explore popular similar colleges

Students who showed interest in IISER Pune - B.Sc. also showed interest in

Mumbai
Popular Specialisation
Physics
NA
Mumbai
Popular Specialisation
Biology,Physics,Mathematics,Chemistry
₹20.00 K
Bhopal
Popular Specialisation
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Economic Sciences,Biological Science + M.S. in Biological Science,Data Sciences,Earth and Environmental Sciences + M.S. in Earth and Environmental Sciences,Chemical Engineering,Physics + M.S. in Physics,Mathematics + M.S. in Mathematics,Chemistry + M.S. in Chemistry,Chemical Engineering + M.S. in Chemical Engineering
₹3.23 L
Tirupati
Popular Specialisation
Biological Science + M.S. in Biological Science,Physical Sciences + M.S. in Physical Sciences,Mathematical Sciences + M.S. in Mathematical Sciences,Chemical Sciences + M.S. in Chemical Sciences,Economic and Statistical Sciences
₹4.88 L

Want better recommendations?

There is a 90% more chance of getting best college recommendations by sharing preferences.
Bangalore
Popular Specialisation
Bachelor of Mathematics (B.Math. Hons.)
NA
Thiruvananthapuram
Popular Specialisation
Biological Science + M.S. in Biological Science,Physical Sciences + M.S. in Physical Sciences,Mathematical Sciences + M.S. in Mathematical Sciences,Chemical Sciences + M.S. in Chemical Sciences
₹4.44 L
Bhubaneswar
Popular Specialisation
Integrated B.Sc. + M.Sc
₹95.65 K
Goa - Other
Popular Specialisation
Economics, Goa Campus,Biological Sciences, Goa Campus,Chemistry, Goa Campus,Mathematics, Goa Campus,Physics, Goa Campus,Semiconductor and Nanoscience
₹20.76 L
Bangalore
Popular Specialisation
Physics
₹40.00 K
Berhampur
Popular Specialisation
Computational Data Science + M.S. in Computational Data Science,Biological Science + M.S. in Biological Science,Physical Sciences + M.S. in Physical Sciences,Mathematical Sciences + M.S. in Mathematical Sciences,Chemical Sciences + M.S. in Chemical Sciences,Environmental Sciences + M.S. in Environmental Sciences
₹4.04 L
Confused about which college or exam to opt for?assitentRcpRhsImage
  • Chat with our counselor
  • Get your personalised list of colleges & exams matching your preferences
View allCollections
Is this recommendation relevant?

IISER Pune Application Process 2025

Accordion Icon V3
Q&A Icon
Commonly asked questions
On Application Process
Q:   What is the admission process for MSc in Mathematics at IISER Pune?
A: 

The admission process for the MSc in Mathematics course at IISER Pune is completely different from all other specialisations of MSc. For this course,  selection to the programme will be based on a two-stage written test conducted by the institute. Candidates are required to register themselves for this written test and appear in the exam according to given schedules and times. 

AskShikshaGPT on App
Q:   How can I get admission to various courses at IISER Pune? What is the eligibility for admission?
A: 

Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune admission based on merit and entrance exams. IISER Institute Pune accepts the IISER entrance exam which is usually conducted in the month of May. Admission to PhD courses is based on the interview round.  Candidates must qualify for the eligibility criteria set by the institute for the desired course. 

AskShikshaGPT on App
Q:   Is IISER Entrance Test compulsory for BSc course at IISER Pune?
A: 

Yes, the IISER Entrance Test is compulsory to get admission into the BS+MS course at IISER Pune. On the basis of a candidate's score in the IISER entrance exam (also known as the IISER aptitude test), candidates can secure admission to the IISER Pune BS+MS course. After evaluating applicants' scores in the entrance exam, the institute releases the merit/cutoff list of shortlisted candidates. Further, shortlisted candidates can confirm their admission by paying an adequate amount of course fees. 

AskShikshaGPT on App

IISER Pune
Students Ratings & Reviews

4.3/5
Verified Icon16 Verified ReviewsInfo Icon
Placement Review IconPlacements3.1
Infrastructure Review IconInfrastructure4.6
Faculty Review IconFaculty & Course4.5
Crowd Review IconCampus Life4.6
Money Review IconValue for Money4.5
S
Samrah Zaki Ansari Verified Icon
Discontinued (June 2025) Computational Physics - Batch of 2028
5
5Placements5Faculty5Value for Money
Amazing Infrastructure For Research
Learning Experience: Being one of the best institutes in India, all the facilities including accommodation and classroom environment is top notch. Learning experience is amazing by classrooms with digital screens and air conditioned. The library provides a wide range of hard and soft copies of books and free subscription to the top research journals in India.
Placements: Placements are really good. In 2024, almost 95% of students got placed on campus. The highest package is 18 LPA. The minimum package is 8 LPA. Internships are provided by the college itself every year. It includes 1-week foreign trip for research and development.
Faculty: Faculty here seriously needs improvement. They are well-qualified but their teaching style is not relatable for students. The curriculum is overall relevant expect for the learning experience. IISER Pune makes students industry-ready. Students need attention all over the course for qualifying the exams.
Course Support: IISER Pune various scholarships and financial aid options to support students from diverse backgrounds. About health, we have a medical clinic named Wellness Clinic and an apollo pharmacy for medicines and wellness things, and even first aid kits in almost every building. Also, IISER also provides medical insurance which covers different things, and the policies might change with time.
Reviewed on 16 Apr 2025Read More
Thumbs Up IconThumbs Down Icon
S
Samrah Jaki Ansari Verified Icon
B.S. in Biological Science + M.S. in Biological Science - Batch of 2028
4.2
4Placements4Infrastructure3Faculty5Crowd & Campus Life5Value for Money
Good college. I will recommend joining this college if you get it.
Placements: Placements are really good. In 2024, almost 95% of students got placed on campus. The highest package is 18 LPA. The minimum package is 8 LPA. Internships are provided by the college itself every year. It includes 1-week foreign trip for research and development.
Infrastructure: The infrastructure of the college is amazing. All types of facilities are provided to students which include a stadium, a library, playgrounds, seating areas, canteens, etc. Food quality in the mess is totally average but other hostel facilities are great.
Faculty: Faculty here seriously needs improvement. They are well-qualified but their teaching style is not relatable for students. The curriculum is overall relevant expect for the learning experience. IISER Pune makes students industry-ready. Students need attention all over the course for qualifying the exams.
Reviewed on 26 Feb 2025Read More
Thumbs Up Icon(1) Thumbs Down Icon1 person found this helpful
A
Ananya Jain Verified Icon
B.S. + M.S. - Batch of 2029
4.6
3Placements5Infrastructure5Faculty5Crowd & Campus Life5Value for Money
IISER PUNE is one of the leading science institutions of the country.
Placements: Most students opt for higher studies in Ivy League Colleges. Only 30% of students go for alternatives like industry jobs, government jobs, or MBAs. Salary packages up to 20 LPA were offered last year for students getting enrolled in research and development sector. They got enrolled in positions of scientists.
Infrastructure: Infrastructure and hostel facilities are top-notch in IISER Pune. Wi-Fi is available everywhere on the campus except in hostels. Websites like Instagram and some other websites are blocked over the Wi-Fi network. Food quality is good. There are two mess. All kinds of sports facilities are available on the campus.
Faculty: Professors are highly qualified in their respective fields with minimum qualifications as Ph.D. Many have at least 2-3 post-docs and they are leading scientists in India as well working on various projects. Curriculum prepares students not for the industry but for becoming scientists and pursuing higher studies.
Other: I want to become a scientist and I'm highly interested in space and astronomy. Campus crowd and life are great.
Reviewed on 25 Dec 2024Read More
Thumbs Up IconThumbs Down Icon
S
Shantanu Kumare Verified Icon
B.S. + M.S. - Batch of 2028
4
2Placements4Infrastructure4Faculty5Crowd & Campus Life5Value for Money
Beyond the classroom: Life at IISER Pune.
Placements: IISER mainly focuses on the overall learning and practical experience of the students, mainly in research in pure sciences field so placement opportunities are relatively low in IISER PUNE. Top roles include data analyst, scientific researcher, analyst, industrial research and development, etc.
Infrastructure: Facilities and infrastructure are moderate in the hostels; hygiene is regularly maintained, such that appointed staff daily clean corridors, washrooms and common rooms. WiFi is available on the ground floor of the hostel and some of the common rooms. Labs are top-tier, as they are specifically made for research purposes. All up-to-date instruments are present. Classrooms are big, air-conditioned, and of good quality to focus on the lectures. The library contains all the relevant and extracurricular materials.
Faculty: Yes, the professors are really educated and really helpful in solving any doubts and there are teacher assistant, which further help in doubts. The course is very relevant to the current real-world applications I wouldn't say industry-ready, as it's not an engineering college. The semester exam difficulty level lies in between moderate and tough. Relative grading is the system for passing and failing. You have to score more than half of the class median to pass the course.
Other: I chose this course as I wanted to do pure research in the sciences. The best thing about the course is you learn a lot and you get the real-world picture of what the advances in sciences are. Mess food can be improved. Events are no less, as there are several throughout the year for extra fun activities for students like the annual test Karvaan, cultural fests, freshers party, etc.
Reviewed on 16 Oct 2024Read More
Thumbs Up IconThumbs Down Icon
S
Shikhar Kumar Verified Icon
B.S. in Biological Science + M.S. in Biological Science - Batch of 2024
4
1Placements5Infrastructure4Faculty5Crowd & Campus Life5Value for Money
IISER Pune- An escape from being introvert .
Placements: Less than 1 percent of students get placed every year as the placement cell is newly formed and it does not provide enough assistance for placements right now. And the only placement that it offers is into IT companies. So students with other disciplines do not get placed.
Infrastructure: IISER Pune is a fully residential campus with all the modern amenities like Wi-Fi, state-of-the art labs, and libraries. The classrooms are sufficient to host 300 students at a time. The hostel is well-equipped with modern facilities like Wi-Fi, 24/7 hot showers, and drinking water. Canteen serves nutritious and hygienic meals with multiple options. The campus has various courts for different sports activities, including a gym.
Faculty: The faculty were very knowledgeable and helpful in providing students with proper mentorship. The BSMS course is well designed to pursue knowledge in various interdisciplinary areas in the first two years, followed by specialization in the respective discipline of interest.
Other: Apart from academia, it provides the best environment for becoming socially active through various extracurricular activities from various clubs. It holds various events and festivals throughout the year that help in engaging students with other stuff.
Reviewed on 15 Sep 2024Read More
Thumbs Up IconThumbs Down Icon
A
AnonymousVerified Icon
B.S. + M.S. - Batch of 2026
4.2
3Placements5Infrastructure4Faculty4Crowd & Campus Life5Value for Money
The whole system is based on research .
Placements: Less placement is available because many would prefer to pursue a Ph.D. The best courses on campus are Chemistry and Biology. Everything is available, including lab training and projects during the semester. Many private companies, like Serum and Biotech, will invest in research.
Infrastructure: The hostel and infrastructure of the campus are very good. There is a common room for group studies, a pantry for cooking, washing machines for laundry, and a Padcare center for females. Ambulence is available on campus for emergencies. The rooms are well-equipped, and there is a reading desk.
Faculty: Every faculty member at IISER is a scientist with extensive research experience. They have collaborated with foreign institutes for research as well. Semester exams are difficult to medium, depending on the students. We can work on semester projects during the semester and access the lab at any time.
Other: I want to do research and publish my paper. I would recommend that everyone have guidance for the semester from seniors to choose the right path. Their review is essential. There will be college fests, and scholarships are also available, such as NSP, KVPY, NET, etc.
Reviewed on 18 Jul 2024Read More
Thumbs Up Icon(1) Thumbs Down Icon1 person found this helpful
View All 19 ReviewsRight Arrow Icon

IISER Pune Admission 2025 FAQs

Q:   Does IISER Pune offer BSc courses?
A: 

IISER Pune does not offer a BSc course in the standard form. It offers a BS-MS course for the duration of five years, divided into ten semesters, and offered in full-time mode. For admissions to this dual-degree BS-MS course, candidates must have secured marks equal to or above the cutoff percentage declared by IISERs for their respective category (General/ OBC/ SC/ ST/ PwD).  

Q:   What is the marks required for IISER Pune BS-MS course?
A: 

As per the IISER Pune cutoff 2025, the Round 1 closing rank for most of the BS-MS specialisations stod at 355 for the General AI category students. So, candidates seeking admission must target securing a cutoff rank up to 355 or lower to improve their chances of getting admission at IISER Pune. 

The Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune has released the cutoffmarks for the BS-MS (Dual Degree) course for the academic year 2025-26. The cut off marks for the IISER Pune BS-MS course are category-wise and are based on the marks obtained in the KVPY, SCB, and JEE (Advanced) examinations.

Q:   What is the selection process for IISER Pune MSc courses?
A: 

The selection process for IISER Pune MSc courses differs according to the specialisations. Moreover, the selection process for the Master of Science course differs according to the offered specialisations. The selection process is done based on candidates' achieved scores on IIT JAM, GATE, IISER Entrance Test and the institute's in-house written test. For the only MSc in Mathematics in Computing Programme, the institute accepts written examination scores conducted by IISER Pune. 

Q:   Can I take admission in IISER Pune BSc without IISER Entrance Exam?
A: 

No, candidates cannot take admission in IISSER Pune BS+MS course without the IISER Entrance Exam. Candidates willing to take admission in the BS-MS course at Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISERs) must appear for the IISER entrance exam, also known as the IISER aptitude test. Candidates who cleared their Class 12 in the Science stream are eligible to apply for the IISER entrance exam 2025. As per the IISER entrance exam pattern, there are a total of 60 objective questions that candidates need to complete in three hours. 

 
 
Q:   What is the IISER Pune category-wise cutoff for BS + MS course?
A: 

IISER Pune cutoff 2025 has been released for different categories of students under the AI quota. For the General AI category, the first-round cutoff rank for BS + MS admission across multiple specialisations was 355. To view the category-wise ranks, refer to the table below:

CategoryRound 1 Cutoff 2025 (BS + MS)
General355
OBC404
SC167
ST65
EWS143
PWD10526
Q:   How can I apply for MSc course at IISER Pune?
A: 

For admissions to IISER Pune MSc courses, the candidates are obliged to perform well and secure good scores in the accepted entrance exams, such as IAT, IIT JAM, GATE, etc. To apply, fill out the IISER Pune application form visit the official website of the institution, fill out the form with the required details, pay the application fee and submit it. Moreover, the candidates who got shortlisted in the merit list can pay the course fee to confirm their seat. 

 
Q:   What are the factors responsible for IISER Pune BSc cutoff?
A: 

While preparing the cutoff for the IISER Pune BSc course, the authorities will consider examination and admission-related factors. The listed factors will be checked and considered by the authorities while determining the cutoff of IISER Pune:
previous years' cutoff trends, difficulty level of the exam, total number of qualified candidates, total number of candidates applying for a specific course, number of seats available for the BSc course, etc. After checking all of these factors, the authorities will prepare the cutoff based on IAT scores for BSc. 

Q:   What is the admission process for MSc in Mathematics at IISER Pune?
A: 

The admission process for the MSc in Mathematics course at IISER Pune is completely different from all other specialisations of MSc. For this course,  selection to the programme will be based on a two-stage written test conducted by the institute. Candidates are required to register themselves for this written test and appear in the exam according to given schedules and times. 

Q:   What is the eligibility criteria for admission to BSc course at IISER Pune?
A: 

The primary eligibility requirement for admission to BSc courses at IISER Pune is that candidates must complete their Class 12 from Science stream. Moreover, for the admission process, the college accepts the valid scores of the IISER Entrance Exam. IISER  entrance examination is conducted once every year. For admission, candidates need to write an IISER Aptitude Test (IAT), and on the basis of candidates' achieved scores, the institute releases the cutoff. 

Q:   How can I get admission to various courses at IISER Pune? What is the eligibility for admission?
A: 

Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune admission based on merit and entrance exams. IISER Institute Pune accepts the IISER entrance exam which is usually conducted in the month of May. Admission to PhD courses is based on the interview round.  Candidates must qualify for the eligibility criteria set by the institute for the desired course. 

qna

IISER Pune

Student Forum

chatAnything you would want to ask experts?
Write here...

Answered 4 months ago

Candidates can get admission to the IISER Pune MSc course without IIT JAM scores. However, it completely depends on the specialisation candidates have selected. Candidates can get admission into MSc in Mathematics and MSc in Physics (Quantum Technology) without IIT JAM scores. For MSc Physics, candi

...Read more

V

Vishakha

Contributor-Level 10

Answered 4 months ago

IISER Pune offers an MSc course for the duration of two years and offers an integrated BSc + MSc course for the duration of five years. Moreover, the institute offers four specialsiations in MSc courses, and each specialisation has different eligibility criteria. Check out the basic eligibility requ

...Read more

V

Vishakha

Contributor-Level 10

Answered 4 months ago

The courses that are provided in the MSc stream at IISER Mohali and IISER Pune are different because IISER Pune offers MSc courses for two years in Chemistry, Geology, Mathematics and Physics specialisation and one integrated course. 

On the other hand, IISER Mohali mostly offers integrated MSc cours

...Read more

K

Krishnendu Kumar

Contributor-Level 10

Answered 4 months ago

Students who get allocated a seat in the MSc programme at IISER Pune must present original and self-attested photocopies of documents for verification. Such candidates are required to bring along the following documents:

  • Class 10 marksheet
  • Class 12 marksheet
  • Migration certificate
  • Transfer certificate
  • Ent

...Read more

K

Kartik Sharma

Contributor-Level 10

Answered 4 months ago

For admissions to IISER Pune BSc courses, the candidates are obliged to perform well and secure good scores in the IISER Entrance exam. To apply, fill out the IISER Pune application form submit it and appear for the entrance exam on the given schedule and times. Moreover, the candidates who got shor

...Read more

C

Chanchal Gaurav

Contributor-Level 10

Content authored by:

author image
Jiya Tyagi

Updated on Oct 10, 2025