Vasireddy Venkatadri International Technological University

5 Videos,

19 Photos

Vasireddy Venkatadri International Technological University Fees 2026

Guntur

4.2 /5

(267 Reviews)

98 Student Q&A

Private University
Estd. 2007

Last updated on 2 Jun '26

Vasireddy Venkatadri International Technological University Fees
What's new?

Vasireddy Venkatadri International Technological University admission 2026 is open for UG and PG courses. Interested students can apply online at the university's site. All the latest updates regarding VVIT University admissions 2026 are as follows:

The AP EAPCET 2026 result for Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology admission to the BE/BTech and BPharma programmes will be released in Jun 2026.
The AP ICET 2026 result for the admission to the MBA/PGDM course has been released. Students can log in to the official website to download the scorecard.
The GATE 2026 exam has been concluded for ME/MTech admission.

Vasireddy Venkatadri International Technological University Fees

Table of contents

Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology Fee Structure 2026
Vasireddy Venkatadri International Technological University Scholarships
Vasireddy Venkatadri International Technological University Student Reviews

Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology Fee Structure 2026

At Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology, courses are available at multiple levels, including UG and PG levels. Each course has its own fee structure, which includes components, such as the tuition fee, hostel charges, and refundable deposits. Only applicants who have cleared the admission procedure, are allowed to make the payment. For course-wise Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology fee details, students can visit the official website of the institute.

Course	Total tuition fees
B.E. / B.Tech (9 Courses)	₹ 4.8 L - 8 LGet Fee Details
BBA (1 Courses)	₹ 6 LGet Fee Details
M.E./M.Tech (7 Courses)	₹ 2 L - 2.4 LGet Fee Details
MBA/PGDM (1 Courses)	₹ 4 LGet Fee Details
MCA (1 Courses)	₹ 2.4 LGet Fee Details

The fees is for the entire duration of the respective courses.

Commonly asked questions
On Fees Overview

Q: What is the fee for MBA course at Vasireddy Venkatadri International Technological University?

The MBA fee structure at Vasireddy Venkatadri International Technological University per-year is as follows:

Program Name	Convener Fee	VVITU Fee Per Year
MBA-AI	60,000	2,00,000

Q: What is the total fee for VVIT University BTech course?

Total VVIT University BTech fee is between INR 4 Lacs to INR 8 lakh depending on specialisation. Fee includes tuition, admission and other academic charges. Exact fee varies by branch.

Q: What is the fee for BBA course at Vasireddy Venkatadri International Technological University?

The BBA fee structure at Vasireddy Venkatadri International Technological University per-year is as follows:

Program Name	Convener Fee	VVITU Fee Per Year
BBA Hons with AI	NA	1,50,000

Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology B.E. / B.Tech Fees 2026

The Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology B.E. / B.Tech fee ranges between INR 4,80,000 - 8,00,000. The duration of the programme is 4 years. Students must pay the fee as per the set frequency of the institution. The common payable charges for B.E. / B.Tech at Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology are Tuition fees, Registration Fees, One-Time Fees, Exam Fees, and others. Fetch more details around Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology B.E. / B.Tech fees in the section below:

Fee components	Amount (for 4 years)
Tuition The fees might include components other than tuition fees.	₹ 4.8 L - 8 L
Hostel The mentioned hostel fees is only for boys (8 sharing) and for boys/girls (4 sharing) room charges is INR 400000. Meal plan is not included in the mentioned fees. Hostel fee is calculated on the basis Read more The mentioned hostel fees is only for boys (8 sharing) and for boys/girls (4 sharing) room charges is INR 400000. Meal plan is not included in the mentioned fees. Hostel fee is calculated on the basis of 1st year. Actual amount may vary.	₹ 3 L
One-time Payment One Time Fee includes Admission Fees.	₹ 10 K
Total fee	₹ 7.9 L - 11.1 L

These are estimated fees information. Actual values may differ.

The value for money rating of this course is 4.2/5 (254 Reviews).View placement details

Get Admission Details

Vasireddy Venkatadri International Technological University
B.E. / B.Tech Fees Comparison

Colleges	Tuition Fees	Hostel Fees
Vasireddy Venkatadri International Technological University	4.8 L - 8 L	3 L
GMR Institute of Technology - GMRIT (Deemed to be University)	6 L - 10 L	3.6 L
Andhra University Compare	1.4 L - 8 L	3.8 L
Andhra University College of Engineering	1.78 L - 8 L	-/-
SVECW Compare	4.2 L	-/-

The value are of the latest years available with Shiksha.

View comparisons

Commonly asked questions
On B.E. / B.Tech Fees

Q: What is the highest scholarship available for VVIT University BTech students?

Students scoring 95% or above in Class 12 or high entrance percentile can get up to 50% scholarship. After scholarship, the annual fee may reduce to around INR 1 lakh. Limited seats are available under this category.

Q: Is scholarship renewable in VVIT University BTech?

Yes, continuation of VVIT University BTech scholarship depends on maintaining 75% attendance and clearing all subjects without backlog. Good academic performance is mandatory each semester. Violations may lead to cancellation.

Q: Does VVIT University offer scholarships for BTech?

Yes, VVIT University BTech scholarships are merit-based and depend on Class 12 marks, VVITAT percentile, or JEE Main percentile. Students can receive significant fee concessions. Scholarships are offered regardless of admission route.

Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology BBA Fees 2026

Aspiring students looking to join BBA at Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology need to complete a multi-step admission process. To complete Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology admission process for this course, students must pay a certain amount of fees as specified by the college. As per the latest Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of TechnologyBBA fee structure, the total tuition fee for the course is INR 6,00,000. For a detailed breakdown of the amount, students can check out the

Fee components	Amount (for 4 years)
Tuition The fees might include components other than tuition fees.	₹ 6 L
Hostel The mentioned hostel fees is only for boys (8 sharing) and for boys/girls (4 sharing) room charges is INR 400000. Meal plan is not included in the mentioned fees. Hostel fee is calculated on the basis Read more The mentioned hostel fees is only for boys (8 sharing) and for boys/girls (4 sharing) room charges is INR 400000. Meal plan is not included in the mentioned fees. Hostel fee is calculated on the basis of 1st year. Actual amount may vary.	₹ 3 L
Total fee	₹ 9 L

These are estimated fees information. Actual values may differ.

Get Admission Details

Vasireddy Venkatadri International Technological University
BBA Fees Comparison

Colleges	Tuition Fees	Hostel Fees
Vasireddy Venkatadri International Technological University	6 L	3 L
Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research Compare	2.7 L - 5.4 L	3.6 L - 3.65 L
Mohan Babu University Compare	3 L - 4.5 L	-/-
Godavari Global University	2.4 L	-/-
D.N.R. College	55.5 K	-/-

The value are of the latest years available with Shiksha.

View comparisons

Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology M.E./M.Tech Fees 2026

At Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology, students are offered M.E./M.Tech at PG level. According to Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology fee structure, the total tuition fees for the course is INR 2,00,000 - 2,40,000 and comprises of caution deposit, exam fee and security deposit, etc. Students seeking admission into this programme need to pay the Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology M.E./M.Tech fees as prescribed to get a seat in the institute. Aspirants can refer to the

Fee components	Amount (for 2 years)
Tuition The fees might include components other than tuition fees.	₹ 2 L - 2.4 L
Hostel The mentioned hostel fees is only for boys (8 sharing) and for boys/girls (4 sharing) room charges is INR 400000. Meal plan is not included in the mentioned fees. Hostel fee is calculated on the basis Read more The mentioned hostel fees is only for boys (8 sharing) and for boys/girls (4 sharing) room charges is INR 400000. Meal plan is not included in the mentioned fees. Hostel fee is calculated on the basis of 1st year. Actual amount may vary.	₹ 1.5 L
One-time Payment One Time Fee includes Admission Fees.	₹ 10 K
Other Fees	₹ 5 K
Total fee	₹ 3.65 L - 4.05 L

These are estimated fees information. Actual values may differ.

Get Admission Details

Vasireddy Venkatadri International Technological University
M.E./M.Tech Fees Comparison

Colleges	Tuition Fees	Hostel Fees
Vasireddy Venkatadri International Technological University	2 L - 2.4 L	1.5 L
KL University Guntur	2.4 L - 3.4 L	1.96 L - 2.63 L
JNTU Anantapur Compare	60 K - 11.4 L	30 K - 45 K
Aditya Institute of Technology and Management	1.2 L - 1.8 L	-/-
RGUKT	1.2 L	-/-

The value are of the latest years available with Shiksha.

View comparisons

Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology MBA/PGDM Fees 2026

At PG level, students can enroll into MBA/PGDM at Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology. This course is offered in a full time. To grab a seat at Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology course, students need to pay a sum of INR 4,00,000 as the tuition fee. Students must note that this fee information is sourced from the official website of the institute but it might vary. The table below presents Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology MBA/PGDM fee breakup:

Fee components	Amount (for 2 years)
Tuition The fees might include components other than tuition fees. Mentioned fee is for VVITU applicants, Convener fee will be Rs 120000	₹ 4 L
Hostel The mentioned hostel fees is only for boys (8 sharing) and for boys/girls (4 sharing) room charges is INR 400000. Meal plan is not included in the mentioned fees. Hostel fee is calculated on the basis Read more The mentioned hostel fees is only for boys (8 sharing) and for boys/girls (4 sharing) room charges is INR 400000. Meal plan is not included in the mentioned fees. Hostel fee is calculated on the basis of 1st year. Actual amount may vary.	₹ 1.5 L
Total fee	₹ 5.5 L

These are estimated fees information. Actual values may differ.

Get Admission Details

Vasireddy Venkatadri International Technological University
MBA/PGDM Fees Comparison

Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology MCA Fees 2026

The Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology MCA fee varies from one specialisation to another. The fee for the course is INR 2,40,000. Students must note that the fee for MCA is charged as per the frequency set by the institution. The total course fee comprises various components, such as tuition and other refundable or non-refundable deposits. Check out the following section for more details around Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of TechnologyMCA fees:

Fee components	Amount (for 2 years)
Tuition The fees might include components other than tuition fees.	₹ 2.4 L
Hostel The mentioned hostel fees is only for boys (8 sharing) and for boys/girls (4 sharing) room charges is INR 400000. Meal plan is not included in the mentioned fees. Hostel fee is calculated on the basis Read more The mentioned hostel fees is only for boys (8 sharing) and for boys/girls (4 sharing) room charges is INR 400000. Meal plan is not included in the mentioned fees. Hostel fee is calculated on the basis of 1st year. Actual amount may vary.	₹ 1.5 L
Total fee	₹ 3.9 L

These are estimated fees information. Actual values may differ.

The value for money rating of this course is 4.5/5 (2 Reviews).View placement details

Get Admission Details

Vasireddy Venkatadri International Technological University
MCA Fees Comparison

Commonly asked questions
On MCA Fees

Q: Does VVIT University offer any scholarships for MCA?

Yes, VVIT University does offer scholarships for MCA course. The scholarships are as below:

Aggregate marks in BTech 2025 (For MTech)	Fee after scholarship/ year (CSE and Allied)	Fee after scholarship per year (ECE, EEE, ME and CE specialisations)
75% and above	INR 60,000	INR 50,000
65% to 74.99%	INR 90,000	INR 75,000
Scholarship %	ICET 2025 Rank	Graduation Marks	Fee per year After Scholarship
50%	Up to 10000	80% and above	INR 60,000
25%	10001 - 20000	70–79.99%	INR 90,000

Note: This is taken from official sources and can change.

Recommended Colleges

Explore popular similar colleges

Students who showed interest in Vasireddy Venkatadri International Technological University - B.Tech also showed interest in

RVR and JC College of Engineering institute image

Guntur

201-300 NIRF

Courses Offered14 courses4.2

Total Fees₹2.78 L

Sagi Rama Krishnam Raju Engineering College institute image

Bhimavaram

#53 Times

Courses Offered12 courses4.2

Total Fees₹4.20 L

Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology and Sciences institute image

Visakhapatnam

#196 The Week

Courses Offered18 courses4.0

Total Fees₹2.29 L

Raghu Engineering College institute image

Visakhapatnam

Courses Offered9 courses4.1

Total Fees₹3.23 L

Want better recommendations?

There is a 90% more chance of getting best college recommendations by sharing preferences.

+ Add preferences

Vishnu Institute of Technology (VIT Bhimavaram) institute image

Bhimavaram

#114 The Week

Courses Offered11 courses4.3

Total Fees₹2.40 L

GMR Institute of Technology - GMRIT institute image

Srikakulam

201-300 NIRF

Courses Offered9 courses4.0

Total Fees₹6.00 L

Maharaj Vijayaram Gajapathi Raj College of Engineering (MVGRCE) institute image

Vizianagaram

Courses Offered12 courses4.3

Total Fees₹2.23 L

Shri Vishnu Engineering College for Women institute image

West Godavari

#96 The Week

Courses Offered10 courses4.4

Total Fees₹4.20 L

Prasad V Potluri Siddhartha Institute of Technology institute image

Vijayawada

201-300 NIRF

Courses Offered9 courses4.1

Total Fees₹2.80 L

G. Pulla Reddy Engineering College institute image

Kurnool

#99 The Week

Courses Offered14 courses4.2

Total Fees₹2.40 L

Confused about which college or exam to opt for? assitentRcpRhsImage

Chat with our counselor
Get your personalised list of colleges & exams matching your preferences

View allCollections

Is this recommendation relevant?

Vasireddy Venkatadri International Technological University
Scholarships

Scholarship 1

Merit Scholarships for B. Tech 2026 are as follows
50 Percent fee waiver will be given for students with the following scores
95 percent and above Marks in Class 12, 2026
93 and above Percentile in VVITAT 2026
93 and above Percentile in JEE Main 2026
The fee per year will be Rs 1,00,000, and 400 Scholarships are available under this criterion.

15 Percent fee waiver will be given for students with the following scores
90 to 94.99 percent Marks in Class 12, 2026
80 to 92.99 Percentile in

Scholarship 2

Merit Scholarships for BBA (Hons) AI 2026 will be as follows.
50 Percent fee waiver will be given for students with below mentioned scores
Students who have 90 percent and above Marks in Class 12, 2026
Candidates with 1200 and above score in SAT 2026
Fee per year will be Rs 75,000.

30 Percent fee waiver will be given for students with the following scores
Students who have 80 to 89.99 percent in Class 12, 2026
Candidates with 1100 to 1199 score in SAT 2026
Fee per year will be Rs 1,05,000.

Scholarship 3

Merit Scholarships for MBA AI 2026 are as follows
50 Percent fee waiver will be given for students with below given scores
Students with Up to 10000 Rank in ICET 2025
Candidates with 80 percent and above Marks in Graduation
Candidates with 90 and above marks in CMAT, MAT and ATMA Percentile.
Fee per year will be Rs 1,00,000

25 Percent fee waiver will be given for students with the following scores
Applicants with 10001–20000 Rank in ICET 2025
Students with 70–79.99 percent marks in Graduation
Students with 75–89.99 percent marks in CMAT, MAT and ATMA Percentile
Fee per year will be Rs 1,50,000

View Scholarship Details

Vasireddy Venkatadri International Technological University
Students Ratings & Reviews

4.2/5

222 Verified Reviews Info Icon

4-5
128
3-4
77
2-3
13
1-2
4

Placements4.1

Infrastructure4.2

Faculty & Course4.3

Campus Life4.3

Value for Money4.1

What students say about Vasireddy Venkatadri International Technological University

Placements

Infrastructure

Faculty

Other

LikesView All

Top recruiting companies like TCS, Wipro, Infosys, Cognizant, ITC, Capgemini, etc., visit our college for placements.

Based on 83 Reviews

DislikesView All

Not good internship is provided in my college, only given preference for theory not for practical knowledge.

Based on 21 Reviews

Mokshagna Rajaboina Verified Icon

B.Tech. in Electronics and Communication Engineering - Batch of 2029

3.8

4.0Placements3.0Infrastructure4.0Faculty4.0Crowd & Campus Life4.0Value for Money

College is good for students.

Placements: The percentage of students who got placed from our college is above 75 percent. The highest package is 44 LPA. Top recruiting companies for our course are Infosys, Tech Mahindra, TCS, and many other companies. The percentage of students who got an internship from our course is above 30 percent.

Infrastructure: The facilities and infrastructure available for our course are above 75 percent. Wi-Fi facility is available in the college and hostel. The quality of the food is good and medicine is also provided. The wardens take good care of the students and there are good rooms.

Faculty: Faculty available in our college are good and they are very knowledgeable. Our course curriculum is relevant. They make students industry-ready. The semester exams are difficult when we do not study well. A good pass percentage is maintained in our college.

Other: I got this branch based on my EAMCET rank.

Reviewed on 19 Feb 2026Read More

Sindhu sivani Nakka Verified Icon

B.Tech. in Computer Science and Engineering - Batch of 2029

5.0

5.0Placements5.0Infrastructure5.0Faculty5.0Crowd & Campus Life5.0Value for Money

Absolutely disappointed because of the fee structure, but good placements every year.

Placements: 60 percent of 100 students got placed from our course. 12 LPA is the highest and 3 LPA is the lowest package in my course. So many members got internships from my course. 60 percent of 100 were showing interest in placing from our course. 12 LPA was the highest and 3.5 LPA was the lowest package in my course in 2022. So many members are getting internships.

Infrastructure: Wi-Fi, labs, classrooms, library, and many more facilities are available for my course. AC and quality food are available in the mess and canteen. They try their best to satisfy our needs. They are trying to improve my course for a better future. Some more classrooms are being constructed for our needs.

Faculty: The teachers are helpful, qualified, and knowledgeable. Teaching quality is very good for my course. The semester exams are very difficult in our college every year.

Other: After the completion of this course we can try for any jobs not only for a specialized one. That's why I took this course.

Reviewed on 19 Feb 2026Read More

Ediga Arun Kumar Verified Icon

B.Tech. in CSE (Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning) - Batch of 2027

4.4

4.0Placements5.0Infrastructure3.0Faculty5.0Crowd & Campus Life5.0Value for Money

Absolutely satisfied with placements and dissatisfied with faculty members.

Placements: 40% of students will be placed in companies. Above 20 LPA is the highest, and 4 LPA - 5 LPA is the lowest package in start-up based and some MNCs. 40-50% of students will get internships during pre-final year. Roles offered are java developer, prompt engineer, and data scientist. Almost recruiters are seeing coding skills in our side.

Infrastructure: Overall, the building infrastructure is very good and disciplined to see. It has poor network, average classrooms, and excellent library. Quality of food is good. Sports and games preference are very low. Maintenance of canteen service is very perfect and obedient.

Faculty: Some teachers are highly knowledgeable persons, and their way of teaching is very nice. Syllabus of each semester is closely relevant to career opportunities. Semester exams are not at all difficult. Almost there is a huge pass percentage and less chance of failure percentage.

Other: I think ML is the advanced and demand one for market needs. Practical skills implementation at one time is very important for every student in their college life. This one wants to improve the college.

Reviewed on 28 Dec 2025Read More

Noorbasha Sadvika Verified Icon

B.Tech. in Computer Science and Engineering - Batch of 2029

4.2

4.0Placements4.0Infrastructure5.0Faculty5.0Crowd & Campus Life3.0Value for Money

Compared to other colleges, it is somewhat better.

Placements: Approximately 65 percent of students are placed. The highest package is 44 LPA, and the lowest package is 3 LPA. Top recruiting companies for our course are Flipkart, Amazon, Wipro, Dot Net, TCS, Mahindra, etc. Coming to internships, many students are doing internships.

Infrastructure: The facilities and infrastructure are available for our course/department. A lab is provided only during exam time, and students carry their own laptops. Classrooms are good, and library is also good. The quality of the facilities in our hostel, medical facilities, and sports are too nice.

Faculty: Teachers are helpful, qualified, and knowledgeable. Their teaching quality is too good. This course curriculum is relevant, and it makes the students industry-ready. Semester exams are somewhat difficult in our college, and I don't know the pass percentage.

Other: I chose this course because of my parents' instigations.

Reviewed on 22 Dec 2025Read More

Ponnekanti Hemateja Verified Icon

B.Tech. in Computer Science and Engineering - Batch of 2027

5.0

5.0Placements5.0Infrastructure5.0Faculty5.0Crowd & Campus Life5.0Value for Money

Excellent faculty, strong placements, and vibrant campus life at VVIT.

Placements: Around 90 percent of students get placed each year. The highest package is 12 LPA, average 5 LPA, and the lowest 3 LPA. Top recruiters include TCS, Infosys, Accenture, Wipro, and Amazon. About 70 percent got internships in IBM, TCS iON, and startups as developers and analysts.

Infrastructure: VVIT has excellent infrastructure with advanced computer labs, smart classrooms, Wi-Fi, and a well-stocked library. Hostels are clean and comfortable with 24/7 power and water. Mess food is hygienic and tasty. Medical care is available, and sports and cultural facilities are well maintained.

Faculty: Faculty at VVIT are highly qualified, approachable, and supportive, using practical examples and modern teaching methods. The CSE curriculum is industry-oriented and updated regularly. Semester exams are fair and moderately difficult, with a pass percentage of around 95%.

Other: I’m from the 2025–29 CSE batch at VVIT. I chose this course because of my passion for technology and innovation. The best part is the practical learning environment and supportive faculty. The campus is vibrant with events, fests, and clubs. I wish for more global internships and industry tie-ups.

Reviewed on 9 Nov 2025Read More

Naresh Borugadda Verified Icon

B.Tech. in Mechanical Engineering - Batch of 2028

4.4

4.0Placements5.0Infrastructure4.0Faculty5.0Crowd & Campus Life4.0Value for Money

The college is very nice and very disciplined.

Placements: The highest package of the mechanical students is 7 LPA, and the lowest is 3 LPA. The placements of mechanical engineering are good. This year, the placements are very high. Almost 75% of students get internships in big companies like Tata Motors, Kia, Mahindra Motors, and Satellite Signal.

Infrastructure: When it comes to facilities and infrastructure, the mechanical department is good. The department has a library and very big classrooms, and every floor has a Wi-Fi setup. The quality of food is very good, and we have emergency vehicles also. We have the best sports department as well.

Faculty: The teaching quality of faculty is very good. The mechanical department has the most senior faculty in the college. The semester exams are very strict. The exam cell works efficiently during the semester time. The pass percentage of last year is 78%.

Other: I am very interested in mechanical engineering because nowadays AIML and computer engineering courses are very competitive and very tough.

Reviewed on 21 Oct 2025Read More

Confused about which college or exam to opt for?

Chat with our counselor
Get your personalised list of colleges & exams matching your preferences

Vasireddy Venkatadri International Technological University

Student Forum

Anything you would want to ask experts?

Write here...

Can the Eligibility for the VVITAT be changed?

Answered 3 months ago

Eligibility criteria for VVITAT will not be changed by the authority. Candidates must check eligibility criteria before applying for the exam.

Parul Pandey

Contributor-Level 7

What are the eligibility criteria to participate in the VVITAT?

Answered 3 months ago

Candidates must have passed 10+2 / Intermediate with Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics with an aggregate of 60% (55% for SC/ST) for BTech admission.

Manisha Sahni

Contributor-Level 7

What is VVITAT Pattern?

Answered 3 months ago

VVITAT will include 100 questions, and each question will be awarded 2 marks. The exam will be conducted for total of 200 marks. The question paper will include only multiple-choice questions. There is no negative marking for incorrect answers.

Rachit Chatterjee

Contributor-Level 7

Can VVITAT applications be filled offline?

Answered 3 months ago

VVITAT application cannot be filled offline. The application form must be filled and submitted online. Candidates must visit the official website to apply.

Pallavi Sinha

Contributor-Level 7

When will VVITAT registration begin?

Answered 3 months ago

VVITAT registration is ongoing. The exam will be conducted every day from 1:30 PM to 4:00 PM.

Mohit Gaurav

Contributor-Level 7

Content authored by: