JEE

The electric field (E) and magnetic field (B) in an electromagnetic wave are always perpendicular to each other and to the direction of wave propagation. The EM waves are transverse in nature. When the EM waves are moving along the X-axis, then along the y-axis, the electric field may oscillate and the magnetic field along the z-axis.

Maxwell introduced the displacement current which ensures that when the conduction current is absent, the current continues in the circuits, such as in the capacitors. The displacement current plays a significant role in the derivation of electromagnetic waves. It shows that an electric field that is changing can produce a magnetic field. In free space, it enables wave propagation.

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