Biotechnology Subjects List 2026: Check Semester-wise Subjects & Syllabus

Parul ThapaAssistant Manager
Biotechnology is a vast subject built on the foundation of biology. With its knowledge, professionals create technologies and products that enhance human life. Depending on your preference and subject to your eligibility conditions, you can study Biotechnology as an undergraduate, diploma, certification, or postgraduate major. As a career in Biotechnology is not industry-specific, students prefer to take this course. Students who have studied PCMB and PCB can undertake undergraduate courses in Biotechnology. B.Sc. and B.Tech in Biotechnology are preferred courses by students.
List of Subjects in Biotechnology
Typical Core Subjects for Biotechnology
|
Subject title |
Subject details |
|---|---|
|
Introductory Biology |
The syllabus of this subject is a unification of life sciences, engineering, and physical sciences. Students understand the basic principles of Biology and develop new solutions using engineering for the environment, industry, and other fields. The objective of this subject is to provide the basic knowledge of biological sciences and study its applications.
Some parts of the syllabus are:
|
|
Biochemical Process Calculations |
Through this subject, students learn the basic principles of energy and material balances that are required in biochemical engineering. The main focus of this course is on solving the material or energy balances for selected unit operations and processes that are available in the biotechnology industry. You can establish the mathematical methodologies that help in computation in biochemical engineering. You can also get an overview of the industrial biochemical processes.
Some parts of the syllabus are:
|
|
Genetics |
The subject helps in understanding classical, modern, and quantitative genetics. You will learn the rate at which the members of a population are likely to develop a particular disease. Accordingly, you will be able to manage the risks. Understanding developmental pathways will help you know the genetic causes behind the disease.
Some parts of the syllabus are:
|
|
Biochemistry |
This subject helps in understanding many processes in plants and animals. It helps in crop improvement and drug discovery. Students are introduced to the basic concepts of Biochemistry and metabolism in plants and animals.
Some parts of the syllabus are:
|
Typical Elective Subjects for Biotechnology
|
Subject title |
Subject details |
|---|---|
|
Human Biology and Diseases |
You will understand the structure of the human body and its function. The subject will also introduce the preliminary concepts of common diseases and the modern therapeutic aims and advancements. With the knowledge of the human body and diseases, you will be encouraged to think of engineering solutions for the problems in the healthcare field. |
|
Plant Biotechnology |
Students learn about the basic concepts of the plant cell system, genetic engineering, plant transformation, and bioprocess technology. The subject also teaches the applications of these concepts to help them meet the challenges of the new areas of the biotechnology industry. |
|
Systems Biology |
The subject introduces students to the ideas and mathematical tools of Systems Biology. It teaches the mathematical aspects of the course in three categories:
|
Detailed Syllabus for Biotechnology
See the Biotechnology subjects in details in the following table.
|
Semester |
Core/Elective |
Subject title |
Subject Details |
|---|---|---|---|
|
1 & 2 |
Microbiology |
Microbiology I and II |
Students learn to identify microbes and study their structure, metabolism, and industrial applications. They also learn multiple sterilisation techniques and their effects. With the foundation received from this subject, advanced-level understanding becomes easier. Then, students can carry out microbiological techniques like isolation and staining. |
|
3 |
Cell Biology |
Cell Biology |
The subject aims to provide the basic knowledge of cells, cell organelles, structure and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, different compartments of a cell organelle, cell division, and cell events like respiration and photosynthesis. By the end of the semester, students will understand cancer, the types of cancer, and its etiology. |
|
4 |
Immunology |
Immunology |
Students will learn the anatomy and physiology of the human body. The subject teaches you the basic terminologies in immunology. It describes the interaction of antibodies in cell-mediated immune responses. You will also learn about the principles and types of vaccines. Once completed, you will describe the production of recombinant vaccines and monoclonal antibodies. |
|
5 |
Bioinformatics |
Bioinformatics |
The subject helps you learn the most techniques used with biological data. It helps in studying the databases of DNA and proteins in parallel to the current concepts of bioinformatics and their implementation. Students get to learn more about protein structure, and equipped with this information, they can handle proteins with ease. Once completed, you will know about the storage, retrieval, use, and sharing of biological tools, information, and data. |
|
5 |
Bioreactor Analysis and Technology |
Bioreactor Analysis and Technology |
With the knowledge of chemical kinetics, integration, and differentiation, you will be learning the basic concepts of a bioreactor design through this subject. It teaches you about the types of ideal and non-ideal reactors. You can design reactors for different processes. Also, you will be able to select the relevant data and apply the right principles for practical process engineering. |
|
6 |
Food technology |
Food technology |
With the support of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, you can easily learn more about different areas in connection to Food Science and Technology. The subjects help you learn about the composition of food. They go into detail to understand the microbiological, nutritional, and physiochemical aspects of food. Students are made familiar with the preservation techniques and processing methods of food items. |
|
7 |
Enzyme Engineering |
Enzyme Engineering |
It provides a valuable insight into the working of enzyme molecules, gives their structure, constructions, and interactions with cellular molecules, along with the idea of the process of catalysis. Deeper learning of the subject will help you in engineering enzymes that are durable. You will also know how to troubleshoot problems and monitor in-vitro and in-vivo activities. |
|
8 |
Environmental Biotechnology |
Environmental Biotechnology |
The subject stands on the foundation of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology. It serves as an introduction to the current biotechnological techniques and approaches implemented using microbes. |
Specialisations offered in Biotechnology
Biotechnology is an umbrella term that we use for covering expansive topics like genetics, microbiology, engineering, biochemistry, and chemistry. The applications of this study spread far and wide to industries like agriculture, animal husbandry, pollution control, energy production and conservation, disease research, eco-conservation, vaccines, insecticides, the development of medicines, and fertilizers.
|
Specialisation |
Subjects |
Details |
|---|---|---|
|
Plant Biology |
|
Students interested in plant biotechnology often choose this Specialisations. You will be studying plant life and applying technical methods to living organisms and the environment. |
|
Virology |
|
Specialisations in Virology allows students to learn in detail about human viral diseases, the definition and evolution of viruses, and the mechanism of viruses. Upon completion, students get involved in the research of viruses and the diseases related to them. |
|
Ecology |
|
The Specialisations offers a deep insight into the relationships among various organisms. It talks about the mutual influence of the environment in which organisms are living and the organisms themselves. |
Books and Authors Related to Biotechnology
As Biotechnology is a highly versatile field with many Specialisations students follow a wide range of books during their graduation or post graduation. Listed below are some books that are highly referred to.
|
Subject |
Book title |
Author |
Description |
|
Cell Biology |
Molecular Cell Biology |
H Lodish et al |
Molecular Cell Biology explains the link between human diseases and cell biology using relevant medical examples. |
|
Biochemistry |
Principles of Biochemistry |
Lehninger, and Cox, and Nelson |
Using resources and icons for each principle, the authors identify and explain the most important principles of Biochemistry. |
|
Genetics |
Genetics |
MW Strickberger |
This acclaimed book for classical genetics covers the basic theoretical information and the study of heredity through experiments and reasoning. |
|
Immunology |
The Elements of Immunology |
Khan F. H |
The author expertly breaks the confusing concept of complex molecular mechanisms into easy-to-understand steps in this book. |
|
Biochemistry |
Chemical Process Principles |
Ragatz, Hougen, and Watson |
The authors help students strengthen their ability to calculate chemical solutions by providing many problems at the end of every chapter. |
Syllabus for Distance Programme in Biotechnology
Students who cannot afford full-time courses can get their degrees through distance education. Also, students who are unable to meet the eligibility requirements for full-time courses, opt for part-time or distance B.Tech in Biotechnology programs. The syllabus of distance education programs is remarkably similar to the regular programs. The evaluation format (30% for internal assessment and 70% for the end semester examination) is nearly the same as the regular courses.
The top colleges for distance education in Biotechnology courses are GCT Coimbatore, SIT Darjeeling, UEC Ujjain, PMIST Thanjavur, GCE Salem, IIMT University Meerut, and SRM Institute of Science and Technology.
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News & Updates
Student Forum
Answered 2 weeks ago
Faculty is generally supportive project-based learning and assisting students with competitive exams like GATE and CSIR UGC-NET.
The average salary package ranges from INR 4 LPA to INR 6 LPA for UG graduates, while specialized roles or PG hires can secure INR 10 LPA to INR 20 LPA. Companies like Bioc
A
Contributor-Level 10
Answered 4 weeks ago
Yes, you have a solid and competitive chance of getting a seat for B.Tech in Biotechnology at JNTUH College of Engineering Hyderabad with a TG-EAMCET (TS EAMCET) rank of 7,990 under the Female BC-B category.
S
Contributor-Level 9
Answered a month ago
I'm not very familiar with Galgotias University's specific career outcomes for B.Tech Biotechnology. But if you're exploring options, LPU is worth considering, its B.Sc. (Biotechnology) programme includes industry exposure, live projects, internships, research opportunities, and pathways into sector
r
Contributor-Level 6
Answered a month ago
With TS EAPCET rank of 18223, you have a strong chance of getting admission to B.Tech Biotechnology at CBIT.
For four years, the fee for 4-year is approximately around INR 6.82 Lakhs.
A
Contributor-Level 10
Answered a month ago
B.Sc. in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Microbiology will open your career options in healthcare, pharmaceuticals, food-safety and research. After completing your course, you can get a starting salary package between INR 2.5 LPA to 4 LPA.
A
Contributor-Level 10
Answered a month ago
Career opportunities after a B.Tech in Biotechnology from JNTUH College of Engineering include core technical roles like Research Associate, Bioprocess Engineer, and Quality Control/Quality Assurance Officer in industries such as pharmaceuticals, healthcare, and food processing.
S
Contributor-Level 9
Answered 2 months ago
Biotechnology placements in India yield entry-level packages between ₹3–8 LPA, though premium institutes like IIT Delhi and University of Delhi secure packages from ₹10–20 LPA. Top recruiters include Biocon, Serum Institute of India, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories, Syngene, and IQVIA. So overall it is a g
A
Beginner-Level 1
Answered 2 months ago
Candidates enrolled in GEU Dehradun BTech in Biotechnology can choose electives of their choice. With these, the students can learn more about their choice of topic.
Mentioned below are the electives:
- Cancer Biology
- Stem Cell Technology
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Python
- PERL
- SAS-R
P
Contributor-Level 10
Answered 2 months ago
The Biotechnology laboratories at Galgotias University give students hands-on experience through practical experiments, lab techniques, and project work. These sessions help build research skills, improve analytical thinking, and give students practical exposure that's valuable for higher studies an
S
Contributor-Level 7
Answered 2 months ago
Students with startup ideas at Galgotias University get a chance to explore entrepreneurship through mentorship, activities, and a supportive environment that helps them work on their ideas.
A
Contributor-Level 8
Answered 2 months ago
For the Shiv Nadar University BSc Biotechnology program, candidates can absolutely use valid NEET scores. Scores from the current or previous year are acceptable. This provision helps biology-heavy students avoid math-centric engineering exams.
R
Contributor-Level 9
Answered 2 months ago
St Joseph's University Bangalore distributes its total BSc intake across multiple popular and specialised Science combinations. The university limits seat numbers intentionally to preserve an excellent student-faculty ratio in every class. Tracks like Computer Science, Biotechnology, and Math see ex
R
Contributor-Level 9
Answered 2 months ago
The subjects included in the first year of BTech biotechnology at KCT, Coimbatore, are:
- Fundamental of English Communication-I
- Linear Algebra and Calculus
- Engineering Graphics
- Engineering Physics
- Problem Solving and Programming in C
- Engineering Clinics I
These are the basic subjects which is common in ever
M
Contributor-Level 10
Answered 2 months ago
KCT, Coimbatore provides 69 seats for BTech Biotechnology students. These are divided into management quotas and government quotas. If you are a Tamil Nadu student you will get a seat through government quota, and if you are from other states, the seat will be allotted through management quota. Stud
M
Contributor-Level 10
Answered 2 months ago
Students can complete BE Biotechnology course of BITS Pilani Dubai in 4 years. The practice school programme at BITS Dubai offers students a chance to practice what they have learnt in global organizations, under the supervision of a mentor. For admission to this course, Indian students must have pa
C
Contributor-Level 10
Answered 2 months ago
Lovely Professional University (LPU) is a great substitute, even though investigating the caliber of teachers for a B.Tech. Biotechnology program offers a solid and legitimate basis for your academic plans. LPU provides top-notch biotechnology programs with highly skilled, research-focused staff, cu
A
Contributor-Level 7
Answered 2 months ago
Guru Nanak Khalsa College has released the cutoff for minority students on the third merit list. The cutoff for the Buddhist students is 69.83%, while the cutoff for Christian students is 69.67%.
M
Contributor-Level 10
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