Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus, Chapters and Solutions

Unit 1: Solutions

Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in
liquids, solid solutions, Raoult's law, colligative properties - relative lowering of vapour pressure,
elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular
masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass, Van't Hoff factor.

NCERT Solutions for Solid State

NCERT Solutions for Solutions

Unit 2: Electrochemistry

Redox reactions, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to
chemical cells, Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, conductance in electrolytic
solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch's
Law, electrolysis and law of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell-electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells, lead accumulator, fuel cells, corrosion.

NCERT Solutions for Electrochemistry

Unit 3: Chemical Kinetics 

Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction: concentration,
temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant,
integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order reactions), concept of collision
theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment), activation energy, Arrhenius equation. 

NCERT Solutions for Chemical Kinetics 

Unit 4: d -and f -Block Elements

General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals,
general trends in properties of the first row transition metals – metallic character, ionization enthalpy,
oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds,
alloy formation, preparation and properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4.
 Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid
contraction and its consequences. Actinoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthanoids. 

NCERT Solutions for d -and f -Block Elements

Unit 5: Coordination Compounds

Coordination compounds - Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties
and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding, Werner's
theory, VBT, and CFT; structure and stereoisomerism, importance of coordination compounds (in
qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological system).

NCERT Solutions for Coordination Compounds

Unit 6: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C–X bond, physical and chemical properties, optical rotation
mechanism of substitution reactions.
 Haloarenes: Nature of C–X bond, substitution reactions (Directive influence of halogen in
monosubstituted compounds only).
 Uses and environmental effects of - dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane,
iodoform, freons, DDT.

NCERT Solutions for Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Unit 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary
alcohols only), identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydration,
uses with special reference to methanol and ethanol.
 Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of
phenol, electrophillic substitution reactions, uses of phenols.
 Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses.

NCERT Solutions for Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Unit 8: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical
and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in
aldehydes, uses.
 Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical
properties; uses.

NCERT Solutions for Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Unit 9: Amines

Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical
properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry.

NCERT Solutions for Amines

Unit 10: Biomolecules

Carbohydrates - Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccahrides (glucose and fructose), D-L
configuration oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose,
glycogen); Importance of carbohydrates.
Proteins -Elementary idea of - amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, structure of proteins - primary, secondary, tertiary structure and quaternary structures (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes. Hormones - Elementary idea excluding structure.
Vitamins - Classification and functions.
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA.

NCERT Solutions for Biomolecules

1

Solutions 

Physical Chemistry (25 Marks)

2

Electrochemistry

3

Chemical Kinetics

4

d -and f -Block Elements

Inorganic Chemistry (25 Marks)

5

Coordination Compounds

6

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Organic Chemistry (31 Marks)

7

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

8

Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

9

Organic Compounds containing Nitrogen

10

Biomolecules

Total

70 Marks

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