Class 12 Physics Syllabus, Chapters and Solutions

Unit - 1: Electrostatics

Ch 1: Electric charges, Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law-force between two-point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution.
Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field.
Electric Flux, Gauss Law, Applications of Gauss Law, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside).

Ch 2: Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and a system of charges; Electric Charges, equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two-point charges and of an electric dipole in an electrostatic field.
Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor. Dielectrics and electric polarization, Effect of Dielectric on Capacitance, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, Electrostatics of Conductors, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without a dielectric medium between the plates, potential energy of a system of charges, Potential due to a System of Charges, Electrostatic Potential, energy stored in a capacitor (no derivation, formulae only).

NCERT Solutions for Electric Charges and Fields

NCERT Solutions for Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Unit - 2: Current Electricity

Ch 3: Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current; Ohm's law, Limitation of Ohm's law, V-I characteristics (linear and non-linear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity, temperature dependence of resistance, Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel, Kirchhoff's rules, Wheatstone bridge.

NCERT Solutions for Current Electricity

Unit - 3: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

Ch 4: Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment. Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop. Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire. Straight
solenoid (only qualitative treatment), force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields.
Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere, torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field; Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, moving coil galvanometer- its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.

Ch 5: Magnetism, Bar magnet, magnetic force, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid (qualitative treatment only), magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis (qualitative treatment only), torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field (qualitative
treatment only), magnetic field lines. Magnetic properties of materials- Para-, dia- and ferro -
magnetic substances with examples, Magnetization of materials, effect of temperature on magnetic properties.

NCERT Solutions for Moving Charges and Magnetism

NCERT Solutions for Magnetism and Matter

Unit - 4: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

Ch 6: Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's laws, Experiments of Faraday and Henry, magnetic flux, induced EMF and current; Lenz's Law, Motional Electromotive Force, Conservation of energy, Self and mutual induction.

Ch 7: Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage; reactance and impedance; LCR series circuit (phasors only), resonance, power in AC circuits, power factor, wattless current. AC generator, AC Voltage Applied to a Resistor, AC Voltage Applied to an Inductor, AC Voltage Applied to a Capacitor, AC Voltage Applied to a Series LCR Circuit, Representator of AC current, Transformer.

NCERT Solutions for Electromagnetic Induction

NCERT Solutions for Alternating Current

Unit - 5: Electromagnetic Waves

Ch 8: Electromagnetic waves, Basic idea of displacement current, Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, their transverse nature (qualitative idea only). Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.

NCERT Solutions for Electromagnetic Waves

Unit - 6: Optics

Ch 9: Ray Optics: Optical Instruments, Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, refraction of light, total internal reflection and optical fibers, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens maker’s formula, magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact, refraction of light
through a prism. Optical instruments: Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers.

Ch 10: Wave optics: Wave front and Huygen’s principle, Differences of light waves, reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface using wave fronts. Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen’s principle. Interference, Young's double slit experiment and expression for fringe width (No derivation final
expression only), coherent sources and sustained interference of light, diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maxima (qualitative treatment only)

NCERT Solutions for Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

NCERT Solutions for Wave Optics

Unit - 7: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Ch 11: Dual nature of radiation, Energy Quantum of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation-particle nature of light. Experimental study of photoelectric effect Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de-Broglie relation, Electron emission, The photon

NCERT Solutions for Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Unit - 8: Atoms and Nuclei

Ch 12: Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model of hydrogen atom, Atomic Spectra, Bohr Second Postulate Of Quantisation, Expression for radius of nth possible orbit, velocity and energy of electron in nth orbit, hydrogen line spectra (qualitative treatment only).

Ch 13: Radioactivity, Composition and size of nucleus, nuclear force Mass-energy relation, nuclear energy, atomic masses and composition of nucleus, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number; nuclear fission, nuclear fusion.

NCERT Solutions for Atoms 

NCERT Solutions for Nuclei

Unit - 9: Electronic Devices

Ch 14: Energy bands in conductors, conductors and semiconductor, semiconductors and insulators (qualitative ideas only), Intrinsic semiconductors and extrinsic semiconductors- p and n type, p-n junction, Semiconductor diode - I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, application of junction diode -diode as a rectifier

NCERT Solutions for Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

1

Electrostatics

15 Marks

2

Current Electricity

3

Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

16 Marks

4

Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

5

Electromagnetic Waves

2 Marks

6

Optics

18 Marks

7

Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

12 Marks

8

Atoms and Nuclei

9

Electronic Devices

7 Marks

TOTAL

70 Marks

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