Geography Syllabus 2025: Semester Subjects, Electives, Books, Specializations

Geomorphology

Geomorphology is the study of Earth and its geographical structure, the types of folds, and faults in the Earth. The subject deals with the scope of geomorphology and various geomorphic processes.

Cartographic Techniques

The subject includes the concepts and applications of cartography, the graphical construction of various scales, and map projections. The various cartographic techniques included in the projection techniques and analysis of areas through these techniques are also learned through this subject.

Human Geography

Students learn to define the concepts of Human Geography, about various races and religions of the world, aspects of population distribution, and the theories and trends of urbanisation.

Climatology

Through this subject, students learn the basic principles of climatology such as atmospheric composition and structure, variation with altitude, and latitude and season. Students learn about the factors affecting insolation and temperature, atmospheric pressure, and winds.

Statistical Methods in Geography

This important subject deals with the various statistical methods used in Geography and their applications. These methods include the geographical data matrix, scales of measurement, tabulation, and measures of central tendency.

Geography of India

The syllabus of this subject has physical geography topics such as physiographic divisions, soil and vegetation, climate, and population. The subject also deals with the economic aspects of geography and the impact of various production methods on geography.

Economic Geography

The subject deals with the concepts of economic geography, such as the classification of economic activity and factors affecting the location of economic activity with special reference to agriculture. The subject also includes the economic activities, manufacturing industries, and the effects of transport and trade.

Environmental Geography

The subject focuses on the concepts of environmental geography, the relationship of humans and the environment, and the various ecosystems.

Remote Sensing

Remote Sensing includes the definition and development of remote sensing, its platforms and types, and photogrammetry and satellite remote sensing.

Advanced Spatial Statistical Techniques

The subject includes learning statistics and methods of dealing with statistical data of geographical importance. Students learn about statistical distributions and their applications, along with the techniques of analysis for handling data.

Geographical Information System

The Geographical Information System (GIS) is an important subject that deals with the definition and components of the GIS system. It teaches about the principles and uses of various techniques and the way to apply these techniques for geographical processes.

Resource Geography

The subject discusses the classification and techniques of natural resources, the problems around them, and their management.

Agricultural Geography

The subject introduces the field of Agricultural geography, its nature and scope, and various agricultural processes and regions.

Semester I

Core

Geomorphology

The subject of Geomorphology deals with the nature and scope of Geomorphology and the recent trends in the studies. Students learn about the origin of the continents and oceans, the major landforms, and major Earth movements through this subject.

Core

Climatology and Oceanography

Students learn about the aspects of climatology and meteorology such as the atmosphere, weather and climate, temperature, atmospheric pressure, and pressure belts through this subject.

Core

World Geography

The subject deals with the various geographical details such as the physical and human overview of the geography of the world, Asia, and India. Students also learn about mineral resources and the geography of the western world.

Semester II

Core

Hydrology

Hydrology is the subject that teaches about the hydrological cycle and various water sources such as precipitation, runoff, evaporation, and transpiration. Students also learn about the water-bearing properties of rocks and groundwater problems.

Core

Principles of Ecology

The subject deals with the introduction to ecology, environmentalism, and the preservation and conservation of ecology. Students learn about the nutrient and biogeochemical cycles, the ecosystem, and energy flows through this subject.

Semester III

Core

Human Geography

Human geography deals with the nature and scope of human Geography and its braces. Students learn about the Dichotomy of physical and human geography and patterns of population along with the growth and distribution of population in the world.

Core

Economic Geography

Economic geography teaches about the approaches to the study of economic geography, various geographical factors, and the production and world distribution of crops. It also focuses on the world distribution and production of Iron ore, coal, petroleum, and the changing forms of international trade.

Core

Basic Mathematics and Statistics

The study of basic maths and statistics involves the measures of central tendency and association, Karl Pearson’s Correlation; Spearman’s Rank Correlation; Simple Linear Regression. It also includes the types of sampling and the nature of statistical data. The measures of geographical importance such as quantitative and qualitative data and matrix and calculus are also included in the subject.

Semester IV

Core

Geography of India

This is an important subject that deals with the aspects of Indian geography. The students learn about the geology, structure, and physical divisions of India. Important geographical aspects such as soil, climate, and natural vegetation are also included.

Core

Population and Settlement Geography

Population Geography, Population Dynamics, and Composition of population. Students learn about literacy, sex ratio, historical evolution of settlements, types of settlements and theories of city structure.

Core

Disaster Management

The study of disasters, risk, and vulnerability are focussed on this subject. Students learn the types of risk and vulnerability and mitigation and planning.

Semester V

Core

Urban Geography

Urban Geography is a new subject that focuses on cities: Growth and Evolution, Urban morphology and Land use patterns, models of urban growth and evolution, and Contemporary Urban Issues.

Core

Rural Geography

The subject introduces aspects of rural Geography, rural settlement, types and patterns of rural settlement, and the rural economy and development.

Elective

Fundamentals of Remote Sensing

Students learn about the types and historical development of Remote Sensing and learn to use Remote Sensing as a Tool for Geographers. The subject teaches the basic principles of remote sensing, microwave remote sensing, and remote sensing platforms and sensors.

Semester VI

Core

Regional Development and Planning

The aspects of region and development are discussed in this subject. Students learn about the types of development and sustainable development and human development from the national perspective.

Core

Evolution of Geographical Thought

This subject introduces the theories of the early origin of geographical thinking with reference to Thales, Hecataeus, Herodotus, Eratosthenes, and Ptolemy. It also discusses the dark age in Europe and its Impact on Geography.

Elective

Acquisition and Analysis of Climatic Data

This subject is of high practical importance as it teaches about climatic data, its types, various weather instruments such as the thermometer and barometer, and the interpretation of weather data and its representation using these instruments.

Geoinformatics

Scientific Geocomputing, Acquisition and Exploration of Geospatial Data, Extraction

Methods and techniques relevant for geoinformation processing and Earth observation, Analysis and Dissemination of Geospatial Information

Applied Geology

Geological Field Survey, Mineralogy, Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, Remote Sensing and GIS, Hydrogeology, Geological Field Excursion, Metamorphic Petrology

Advanced forms of Geology and functions and techniques of geological survey, usage of remote sensing techniques and GIS tools, the study of minerals, their types and compositions, and the study of metamorphic rocks.

Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing

Geographic Information System, Principles of Remote Sensing, Satellite-Based Navigation System and cartography, Geostatistics, Economic Geology, Research Methodology and Project Management in Geoinformatics

Study of Earth Science and Planetary Geology, Data Processing and Analysis for Geosciences using GIS,

Features and techniques of Applied and Tectonic Geomorphology, principles of Engineering Geology and Groundwater.

Geo-Informatics and Remote Sensing

Photogrammetry and Image Interpretation, Satellite-Based Navigation System and cartography, MATLAB Programming for Spatial Sciences, Geographic Information System, Radar Remote Sensing, Digital Image Processing in Remote Sensing

Principles of GIS, Surveying and Cartography, Geo Image Processing, Photogrammetry, GIS Project Management, GIS application design, using tools such as MATLAB for spatial sciences, Geoinformatics, Applications in Natural Resource Management and utility management.

Geomorphology

Geomorphology: A Systematic Analysis of Late Cenozoic Landforms

Bloom A. L.

The book includes important topics of Geomorphology, such as the elements of geomorphology and the essentials of physical geography.

Climatology and Oceanography

Atmosphere Weather and climate,

Routledge Basu S.K.

Barry, R.G. and Chorley R.J. 2009(9th edition)

The authors explain the elements of climatology and oceanology through this book. The book has details about the climatology aspects such as the atmosphere, weather, and hydrology.

World Geography

World Regional Geography: A Question of

Place

English, Paul Ward and James, A. Miller

Through this book, the authors explain the importance of world geography, important geographical aspects, and details of Human and economic geography.

Principles of Ecology

Ecology and Human Well Being

Pushpam Kumar, Reddy B. Sudhakar

The authors help students to understand the important principles of Ecology, the correlation of ecology and human well being, and the various ecological cycles in nature.

Environmental Issues and Management

Ecology: Principles and applications

Chapman J.L. and Reiss, M.J.

Some important aspects of Geography are environmental issues and their management. This book offers an in-depth understanding of common environmental issues, their causes, and the methods of their management.

Economic Geography

Economic Geography

T. A. Hartshorn and J. W. Alexander

The book focuses on the correlation between economy and geography. It deals with the aspects of commercial production and the effect of economic activities around geographical locations.