JAC 12th Syllabus 2026: Download JAC 12th Board Latest Syllabus PDF

A. Indian Society

Theories and concepts in demography

Rural-Urban Linkages and Divisions

Population Policy in India

Caste and the Caste System

Tribal Communities

Family and Kinship

Social Inequality and Social Exclusion

Systems justifying and perpetuating Inequality - Caste, Tribe, the Other Backward Classes

Adivasi Struggles

The Struggle for Women’s Equality and Rights

The struggles of the Differently Abled

Cultural communities and the nation state

Regionalism in the Indian context

The Nation state and religion related issues and identities

Communalism, secularism and the nation state

State and Civil Society

Social Reform Movements

Different Kinds of Social Change: Sanskritisation, Westernization, Modernization, Secularization

Agrarian Structure : Caste & class in Rural India

Land Reforms, Green Revolution and Emerging Agrarian society

Green revolution and its social consequences

Transformation in Rural Society

Circulation of labour

Globalization, Liberalization and Rural Society

From Planned Industrialization to Liberalization

How people find Jobs

Work Processes: How work is carried out, working conditions, home based work, Strikes and Unions

Concept of Social Movements

Theories and Classification of Social Movements

Environmental Movements

Class-Based Movements: Workers, Peasants

Caste-Based Movements: Dalit Movement, Backward Class/Castes, Trends in Upper Caste Responses

Tribal Movements

Women’s Movements in Independent India

• Russia
• Balkan States
• Central Asian States

a) Military and Democracy in Pakistan and Bangladesh
b) Monarchy and Democracy in Nepal
c) Ethnic Conflict and Democracy in Sri Lanka
d) India-Pakistan Conflicts
e) India and its Neighbours
f) Peace and Cooperation

a) Meaning and importance of International Organisations
b) Evolution of the UN
c) Structure and function of International Organisations
d) Principal Organs of UN
e) Reform of the UN after Cold War
f) Reform of Structures, Processes and Jurisdiction of the UN
g) India and the UN Reforms

h) Key Agencies: IMF, World Bank, WTO, ILO, IAEA.
i) NGO: Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch.
j) Implications and Future of International Organizations

a) Environmental Concerns

b) Global Commons
c) Common but differentiated Responsibilities
d) India’s Stand on Environment Issues
e) Environmental Movements

f) Resource Geopolitics
g) Rights of Indigenous peoples

• Three Challenges.

• Consequences of Partition.

• The problem
• Government’s approach
• Hyderabad
• Manipur

a) Challenge of building democracy.

b) Congress dominance in the first three general elect ions.

• Nature of Congress dominance
• Congress as social and ideological coalition.
• Tolerance and
  management of Factions
  c) Emergence of opposition parties.

•  Ideas of Development.
•  Planning
•  Planning Commission

•  The First Five Year Plan.
•  Rapid Industrialisation.

•  Nehru’s role
•  Distance from two camps.
•  Afro Asian Unity

•  The Chinese Invasion1962
•  War and Peace with Pakistan
•  Bangladesh War 1971

a) Challenge of Political Succession

• From Nehru to Shastri
• From Shastri to Indira Gandhi

b) Fourth General Election
1967

• Context of the Election
• Non Congressism
• Electoral Verdict
• Coalitions
• Defections

c) Split in the Congress

• Indira vs the Syndicate
• Presidential Election 1969

d) The 1971 Election and Restoration of Congress

• The outcome and after Restoration?

a) Background to Emergency.
 Economic Context.
 Gujarat and Bihar Movements
 Conflict with Judiciary
b) Declaration of Emergency Crisis and response
 Consequences
c) Lessons of the Emergency.
d)Politics after Emergency.
 Lok Sabha Elections 1977
 Janata Government
 Legacy

a) Region and the Nation
 Indian Approach
 Areas of Tension
 Jammu and Kashmir
 Roots of the Problem
 External and Internal disputes
 Politics since 1948
 Insurgency and After

 2022 and Beyond
b) Punjab
 Political Context
 Cycle of Violence
 Road to Peace
c) The Northeast
 Demand for autonomy
 Secessionist Movements
 Movements against outsiders
 Assam and National Integration

a) Context of 1990s

b) Era of Coalition
 Alliance Politics
c) Political rise of the Backward Classes
 Mandal Implemented
 Political Fallouts
d) Communalism, Secularism and Democracy.
 Ayodhya Dispute
 Demolition and after
e) Emergence of New Consensus
f) Lok Sabha Elections 2004
g) Growing Consensus

1. Introduction
2. Self and Personality
3. Concept of Self
4. Cognitive and Behavioural aspects of Self

5. Culture and Self
6. Concept of Personality
7. Major Approaches to the Study of Personality
 Type Approaches
 Trait Approaches
 Psychodynamic Approach and Post Freudian
Approaches
 Behavioural Approach
 Cultural Approach
 Humanistic Approach
8. Assessment of Personality
 Self-report Measures
 Projective Techniques
 Behavioural Analysis

1. Introduction
2. Concepts of Abnormality and Psychological Disorders
 Historical Background
3. Classification of Psychological Disorders
4. Factors Underlying Abnormal Behaviour
5. Major Psychological Disorders

 Anxiety Disorders
 Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
 Trauma-and Stressor-Related Disorders
 Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
 Dissociative Disorders
 Depressive Disorder
 Bipolar and Related Disorders
 Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
 Neurodevelopmental Disorders
 Disruptive, Impulse-Control and Conduct Disorders
 Feeding and Eating Disorders
 Substance Related and Addictive Disorders

Bricks, Beads and Bones
The Harappa Civilisation

Kings, Farmers and Towns
Early States and Economies (c.600 BCE600 CE)

Kingship, Caste and class
Early Societies (c. 600 BCE600 CE)

Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings
Cultural Developments (c. 600 BCE600 CE)

Through the eyes of Travellers
Perceptions of Society (c. tenth to seventeenth centuries)

Bhakti-Sufi Traditions
Changes in Religious Beliefs and Devotional Texts (c. eighth to eighteenth centuries)

An Imperial Capital – Vijayanagar (c. fourteenth to sixteenth centuries)
Peasants, zamindars and the States Agrarian Society and the Mughal Empire (c. sixteenth-seventeenth centuries) 

Colonialism and The Countryside
Exploring Official Archives

Rebels and Raj
1857 Revolt and its Representations

Mahatma Gandhi and the National Movement
Civil Disobedience and Beyond

Framing of the Constitution
The Beginning of a New Era