Biotechnology Subjects List 2026: Check Semester-wise Subjects & Syllabus

Diya NihalaniContent Author
Biotechnology is a vast subject built on the foundation of biology. With its knowledge, professionals create technologies and products that enhance human life. Depending on your preference and subject to your eligibility conditions, you can study Biotechnology as an undergraduate, diploma, certification, or postgraduate major. As a career in Biotechnology is not industry-specific, students prefer to take this course. Students who have studied PCMB and PCB can undertake undergraduate courses in Biotechnology. B.Sc. and B.Tech in Biotechnology are preferred courses by students.
List of Subjects in Biotechnology
Typical Core Subjects for Biotechnology
|
Subject title |
Subject details |
|---|---|
|
Introductory Biology |
The syllabus of this subject is a unification of life sciences, engineering, and physical sciences. Students understand the basic principles of Biology and develop new solutions using engineering for the environment, industry, and other fields. The objective of this subject is to provide the basic knowledge of biological sciences and study its applications.
Some parts of the syllabus are:
|
|
Biochemical Process Calculations |
Through this subject, students learn the basic principles of energy and material balances that are required in biochemical engineering. The main focus of this course is on solving the material or energy balances for selected unit operations and processes that are available in the biotechnology industry. You can establish the mathematical methodologies that help in computation in biochemical engineering. You can also get an overview of the industrial biochemical processes.
Some parts of the syllabus are:
|
|
Genetics |
The subject helps in understanding classical, modern, and quantitative genetics. You will learn the rate at which the members of a population are likely to develop a particular disease. Accordingly, you will be able to manage the risks. Understanding developmental pathways will help you know the genetic causes behind the disease.
Some parts of the syllabus are:
|
|
Biochemistry |
This subject helps in understanding many processes in plants and animals. It helps in crop improvement and drug discovery. Students are introduced to the basic concepts of Biochemistry and metabolism in plants and animals.
Some parts of the syllabus are:
|
Typical Elective Subjects for Biotechnology
|
Subject title |
Subject details |
|---|---|
|
Human Biology and Diseases |
You will understand the structure of the human body and its function. The subject will also introduce the preliminary concepts of common diseases and the modern therapeutic aims and advancements. With the knowledge of the human body and diseases, you will be encouraged to think of engineering solutions for the problems in the healthcare field. |
|
Plant Biotechnology |
Students learn about the basic concepts of the plant cell system, genetic engineering, plant transformation, and bioprocess technology. The subject also teaches the applications of these concepts to help them meet the challenges of the new areas of the biotechnology industry. |
|
Systems Biology |
The subject introduces students to the ideas and mathematical tools of Systems Biology. It teaches the mathematical aspects of the course in three categories:
|
Detailed Syllabus for Biotechnology
See the Biotechnology subjects in details in the following table.
|
Semester |
Core/Elective |
Subject title |
Subject Details |
|---|---|---|---|
|
1 & 2 |
Microbiology |
Microbiology I and II |
Students learn to identify microbes and study their structure, metabolism, and industrial applications. They also learn multiple sterilisation techniques and their effects. With the foundation received from this subject, advanced-level understanding becomes easier. Then, students can carry out microbiological techniques like isolation and staining. |
|
3 |
Cell Biology |
Cell Biology |
The subject aims to provide the basic knowledge of cells, cell organelles, structure and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, different compartments of a cell organelle, cell division, and cell events like respiration and photosynthesis. By the end of the semester, students will understand cancer, the types of cancer, and its etiology. |
|
4 |
Immunology |
Immunology |
Students will learn the anatomy and physiology of the human body. The subject teaches you the basic terminologies in immunology. It describes the interaction of antibodies in cell-mediated immune responses. You will also learn about the principles and types of vaccines. Once completed, you will describe the production of recombinant vaccines and monoclonal antibodies. |
|
5 |
Bioinformatics |
Bioinformatics |
The subject helps you learn the most techniques used with biological data. It helps in studying the databases of DNA and proteins in parallel to the current concepts of bioinformatics and their implementation. Students get to learn more about protein structure, and equipped with this information, they can handle proteins with ease. Once completed, you will know about the storage, retrieval, use, and sharing of biological tools, information, and data. |
|
5 |
Bioreactor Analysis and Technology |
Bioreactor Analysis and Technology |
With the knowledge of chemical kinetics, integration, and differentiation, you will be learning the basic concepts of a bioreactor design through this subject. It teaches you about the types of ideal and non-ideal reactors. You can design reactors for different processes. Also, you will be able to select the relevant data and apply the right principles for practical process engineering. |
|
6 |
Food technology |
Food technology |
With the support of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, you can easily learn more about different areas in connection to Food Science and Technology. The subjects help you learn about the composition of food. They go into detail to understand the microbiological, nutritional, and physiochemical aspects of food. Students are made familiar with the preservation techniques and processing methods of food items. |
|
7 |
Enzyme Engineering |
Enzyme Engineering |
It provides a valuable insight into the working of enzyme molecules, gives their structure, constructions, and interactions with cellular molecules, along with the idea of the process of catalysis. Deeper learning of the subject will help you in engineering enzymes that are durable. You will also know how to troubleshoot problems and monitor in-vitro and in-vivo activities. |
|
8 |
Environmental Biotechnology |
Environmental Biotechnology |
The subject stands on the foundation of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology. It serves as an introduction to the current biotechnological techniques and approaches implemented using microbes. |
Specialisations offered in Biotechnology
Biotechnology is an umbrella term that we use for covering expansive topics like genetics, microbiology, engineering, biochemistry, and chemistry. The applications of this study spread far and wide to industries like agriculture, animal husbandry, pollution control, energy production and conservation, disease research, eco-conservation, vaccines, insecticides, the development of medicines, and fertilizers.
|
Specialisation |
Subjects |
Details |
|---|---|---|
|
Plant Biology |
|
Students interested in plant biotechnology often choose this Specialisations. You will be studying plant life and applying technical methods to living organisms and the environment. |
|
Virology |
|
Specialisations in Virology allows students to learn in detail about human viral diseases, the definition and evolution of viruses, and the mechanism of viruses. Upon completion, students get involved in the research of viruses and the diseases related to them. |
|
Ecology |
|
The Specialisations offers a deep insight into the relationships among various organisms. It talks about the mutual influence of the environment in which organisms are living and the organisms themselves. |
Books and Authors Related to Biotechnology
As Biotechnology is a highly versatile field with many Specialisations students follow a wide range of books during their graduation or post graduation. Listed below are some books that are highly referred to.
|
Subject |
Book title |
Author |
Description |
|
Cell Biology |
Molecular Cell Biology |
H Lodish et al |
Molecular Cell Biology explains the link between human diseases and cell biology using relevant medical examples. |
|
Biochemistry |
Principles of Biochemistry |
Lehninger, and Cox, and Nelson |
Using resources and icons for each principle, the authors identify and explain the most important principles of Biochemistry. |
|
Genetics |
Genetics |
MW Strickberger |
This acclaimed book for classical genetics covers the basic theoretical information and the study of heredity through experiments and reasoning. |
|
Immunology |
The Elements of Immunology |
Khan F. H |
The author expertly breaks the confusing concept of complex molecular mechanisms into easy-to-understand steps in this book. |
|
Biochemistry |
Chemical Process Principles |
Ragatz, Hougen, and Watson |
The authors help students strengthen their ability to calculate chemical solutions by providing many problems at the end of every chapter. |
Syllabus for Distance Programme in Biotechnology
Students who cannot afford full-time courses can get their degrees through distance education. Also, students who are unable to meet the eligibility requirements for full-time courses, opt for part-time or distance B.Tech in Biotechnology programs. The syllabus of distance education programs is remarkably similar to the regular programs. The evaluation format (30% for internal assessment and 70% for the end semester examination) is nearly the same as the regular courses.
The top colleges for distance education in Biotechnology courses are GCT Coimbatore, SIT Darjeeling, UEC Ujjain, PMIST Thanjavur, GCE Salem, IIMT University Meerut, and SRM Institute of Science and Technology.
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News & Updates
Jan 28, 2026
Student Forum
Answered 2 days ago
I think all over 3-4 lakhs if the students is live outside the campus.
A
Beginner-Level 1
Answered a week ago
The duration of Masters in Biotechnology and Bioinformatics course at Milan University is 2 years. The course is offered at Milan location. Students must have a band good knowledge in the areas like Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology. An English language proficiency of B2 lev
G
Contributor-Level 10
Answered a week ago
The total number of seats available for BSc Biotechnology in SVIMS Kolkata is 45. Candidates are admitted as per sanctioned intake and selection procedure. This seat count is as per the official website/ sanctioning body. It is still subject to revision and hence, is indicative.
S
Contributor-Level 10
Answered 2 weeks ago
School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics - D.Y. Patil University, Navi Mumbai has an entrance baed selection criteria BTech. The minimum eligibility is passing Class 12 with PCM/PCMB stream with atleast 45% aggregate. The institute accepts JEE Main and MHT CET scores for the same. Students can app
h
Contributor-Level 10
Answered 2 weeks ago
The minimum eligibility for MSc offered at School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics - D.Y. Patil University, Navi Mumbai is passing UG with atleast 50% aggregate score. The selection criteria is merit based with the institute accepting UG scores for the same.
h
Contributor-Level 10
Answered 2 weeks ago
The PU CET (UG) 2026 Biotechnology key subjects are physics, chemistry, biology and mathematics with questions based on CBSE class 11 & 12 syllabus, focusing on core concepts in genetics, cell biology, botany, zoology, thermodynamics, electrodynamics, calculus, organic chemistry etc.
R
Contributor-Level 10
Answered 2 weeks ago
The Panjab University entrance test for undergraduate programs like BSC (Hons) Biotechnology, testing 10+2 level physics, chemistry, biology and mathematics, and English.
There will be negative marking in the exam; 0.25 marks will be deducted for each incorrect answer.
R
Contributor-Level 10
Answered 3 weeks ago
GAT-B question paper consists of a total of 100 questions, out of which students have to attempt 60 questions. Candidates must check details carefully before solving question paper.
B
Contributor-Level 7
Answered 3 weeks ago
Getting government jobs after BSc Biotechnology abroad is possible. However, having a higher degree like an MSc or some relevant work experience makes it easier to get hired. You can work in agencies like NIH, FDA or EPA in foreign countries. While in India, you can apply to CSIR, ICMR, or DRDO. The
A
Contributor-Level 8
Answered 3 weeks ago
The best field after BSc Biotechnology depends on your interests and aspirations. However, top areas include Pharmaceuticals (drug discovery, QA/QC), Clinical Research ( CRA, data management), Bioinformatics, Agricultural Biotech and Environmental Biotech. Students aiming for specialised roles go fo
P
Contributor-Level 10
Answered 3 weeks ago
The MSc in Biotechnology course at Institute of Science, Nirma University offered a total seat intake of 40 during 2025 admissions. The seat intake for the aforementiond course is yet to be revealed for 2026 and may change when the admissions are opened. MSc in Biotechnology had the highest number o
S
Contributor-Level 10
Answered 3 weeks ago
Amity Mohali BSc in Biotechnology degree holders can work in the research and development field. Some of the popular job roles are Pharmacist, Microbiologist, Research Scientist, Business Developer, etc. There are opportunities in healthcare, including bioprocess engineers, biotechnologists, etc.
R
Contributor-Level 10
Answered 3 weeks ago
Amity University, Punjab tuition fees for BSc + MSc (H) in Biotechnology is INR 5.15 lakh. The integrated course allow students to get both UG and PG degree. This given fee is as per official website/ sanctioning body. It is still subject to revision and hence, is indicative.
P
Contributor-Level 10
Answered 4 weeks ago
No, the BTech in Biotechnology is not open to lateral entry admissions at Apeejay Stya University. Only the BTech in CSE courses at Apeejay Stya University are available for lateral entry admissions. To gain admission into the BTech in Biotechnology course at Apeejay Stya University, candidates need
S
Contributor-Level 10
Answered 4 weeks ago
No, the NEET exam dates are yet to be announced for the year 2026 for the BTech in Biotechnology admissions at Amity Bangalore. Candidates who wish to apply for the BTech in Biotechnology course can also apply through other state/ national level entrance exams such as JEE Mains to gain admissions wh
S
Contributor-Level 10
Answered 4 weeks ago
The fees for BTech in Biotechnology course at Amity Bangalore is yet to be revealed for 2026. In 2025, the BTech in Biotechnology fees at Amity Bangalore stood at INR 6.92 lakh.
Amity Bangalore is known to reveal its fees for the BTech course when the admissions are opened for that year.
S
Contributor-Level 10
Answered 4 weeks ago
Yes, the BTech in Biotechnology course at Amity Bangalore can apply for BTech admissions with JEE scores. However, if candidates fail to appear for the JEE Mains, they can also apply through valid scores of other state/national level exams as well as the NEET and AMCAT. Visit the official website to
S
Contributor-Level 10
Answered a month ago
The BTech seat intake for BTech in Biotechnology at School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics - D.Y. Patil University is 120. BTech in Biotechnology is the flagship BTech course of School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics - D.Y. Patil University.
These seats are alloted to students based on their
S
Contributor-Level 10
Answered a month ago
Hi.
Yes, a B.Sc in Agriculture qualifies you for M.Sc Biotechnology at most IITs.
Required steps:
Check IIT-specific eligibility on the JAM brochure.
Apply for JAM in the relevant subject (Life Sciences/Biotechnology).
Prepare for JAM thoroughly, especially Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Genetics s
h
Scholar-Level 17
Answered a month ago
Hi.
CU admissions for B.E./B.Tech (and most UG courses) are based on its own entrance test CUCET.
According to CU's 2026 admission criteria page, to get admission you must apply through CUCET; that's the standard path for all engineering programmes.
While CU does accept JEE Main rank/scores, that acc
h
Scholar-Level 17
Answered a month ago
Hi.
Some good universities with low fees and an average cutoff in Chhattisgarh for M.Sc Microbiology/ Biotechnology.
| Kalinga University, Raipur | M.Sc. Microbiology (also Biotechnology and related life‑science MSc options) | Total fees ~ ₹ 55,000 for two years (₹ 27,500 per year) |
| Rungta International University, Bhilai / Durg | M.Sc. Biotechnology (and in some branches M.Sc. Microbiology via affiliated institute) | ~ ₹ 50,000–₹ 70,000 per year depending on campus/branch. |
| Dr. C. V. Raman University (CVRU), Bilaspur | M.Sc. Biotechnology (and possibly related life‑science MSc) | Reported total fee ~ ₹ 40,000 for two years (₹ 20,000 per year) |
| Bharti Vishwavidyalaya, Durg | Likely offers postgraduate life‑science / related MSc courses (per lists of MSc colleges) | First‑year fee mentioned ~ ₹ 25,950 (though final fee may vary) |
h
Scholar-Level 17
Answered 2 months ago
Many of the universities that offers MS in Biotechnology in Germany do not have any tuition fees for international students but can go up to INR 3 Lakhs for the first year. The costs of studying MS in Biotechnology in Germany are mentioned in the table below:
University | MS in Biotechnology 1st-Year Tuition Fee |
|---|---|
| Technical University of Munich | No fees |
| Heidelberg University - Germany | INR 3 Lakhs |
| RWTH Aachen University | No fees |
| Johannes Gutenberg University | No fees |
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