Biotechnology Subjects List 2026: Check Semester-wise Subjects & Syllabus

Diya NihalaniContent Author
Biotechnology is a vast subject built on the foundation of biology. With its knowledge, professionals create technologies and products that enhance human life. Depending on your preference and subject to your eligibility conditions, you can study Biotechnology as an undergraduate, diploma, certification, or postgraduate major. As a career in Biotechnology is not industry-specific, students prefer to take this course. Students who have studied PCMB and PCB can undertake undergraduate courses in Biotechnology. B.Sc. and B.Tech in Biotechnology are preferred courses by students.
List of Subjects in Biotechnology
Typical Core Subjects for Biotechnology
|
Subject title |
Subject details |
|---|---|
|
Introductory Biology |
The syllabus of this subject is a unification of life sciences, engineering, and physical sciences. Students understand the basic principles of Biology and develop new solutions using engineering for the environment, industry, and other fields. The objective of this subject is to provide the basic knowledge of biological sciences and study its applications.
Some parts of the syllabus are:
|
|
Biochemical Process Calculations |
Through this subject, students learn the basic principles of energy and material balances that are required in biochemical engineering. The main focus of this course is on solving the material or energy balances for selected unit operations and processes that are available in the biotechnology industry. You can establish the mathematical methodologies that help in computation in biochemical engineering. You can also get an overview of the industrial biochemical processes.
Some parts of the syllabus are:
|
|
Genetics |
The subject helps in understanding classical, modern, and quantitative genetics. You will learn the rate at which the members of a population are likely to develop a particular disease. Accordingly, you will be able to manage the risks. Understanding developmental pathways will help you know the genetic causes behind the disease.
Some parts of the syllabus are:
|
|
Biochemistry |
This subject helps in understanding many processes in plants and animals. It helps in crop improvement and drug discovery. Students are introduced to the basic concepts of Biochemistry and metabolism in plants and animals.
Some parts of the syllabus are:
|
Typical Elective Subjects for Biotechnology
|
Subject title |
Subject details |
|---|---|
|
Human Biology and Diseases |
You will understand the structure of the human body and its function. The subject will also introduce the preliminary concepts of common diseases and the modern therapeutic aims and advancements. With the knowledge of the human body and diseases, you will be encouraged to think of engineering solutions for the problems in the healthcare field. |
|
Plant Biotechnology |
Students learn about the basic concepts of the plant cell system, genetic engineering, plant transformation, and bioprocess technology. The subject also teaches the applications of these concepts to help them meet the challenges of the new areas of the biotechnology industry. |
|
Systems Biology |
The subject introduces students to the ideas and mathematical tools of Systems Biology. It teaches the mathematical aspects of the course in three categories:
|
Detailed Syllabus for Biotechnology
See the Biotechnology subjects in details in the following table.
|
Semester |
Core/Elective |
Subject title |
Subject Details |
|---|---|---|---|
|
1 & 2 |
Microbiology |
Microbiology I and II |
Students learn to identify microbes and study their structure, metabolism, and industrial applications. They also learn multiple sterilisation techniques and their effects. With the foundation received from this subject, advanced-level understanding becomes easier. Then, students can carry out microbiological techniques like isolation and staining. |
|
3 |
Cell Biology |
Cell Biology |
The subject aims to provide the basic knowledge of cells, cell organelles, structure and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, different compartments of a cell organelle, cell division, and cell events like respiration and photosynthesis. By the end of the semester, students will understand cancer, the types of cancer, and its etiology. |
|
4 |
Immunology |
Immunology |
Students will learn the anatomy and physiology of the human body. The subject teaches you the basic terminologies in immunology. It describes the interaction of antibodies in cell-mediated immune responses. You will also learn about the principles and types of vaccines. Once completed, you will describe the production of recombinant vaccines and monoclonal antibodies. |
|
5 |
Bioinformatics |
Bioinformatics |
The subject helps you learn the most techniques used with biological data. It helps in studying the databases of DNA and proteins in parallel to the current concepts of bioinformatics and their implementation. Students get to learn more about protein structure, and equipped with this information, they can handle proteins with ease. Once completed, you will know about the storage, retrieval, use, and sharing of biological tools, information, and data. |
|
5 |
Bioreactor Analysis and Technology |
Bioreactor Analysis and Technology |
With the knowledge of chemical kinetics, integration, and differentiation, you will be learning the basic concepts of a bioreactor design through this subject. It teaches you about the types of ideal and non-ideal reactors. You can design reactors for different processes. Also, you will be able to select the relevant data and apply the right principles for practical process engineering. |
|
6 |
Food technology |
Food technology |
With the support of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, you can easily learn more about different areas in connection to Food Science and Technology. The subjects help you learn about the composition of food. They go into detail to understand the microbiological, nutritional, and physiochemical aspects of food. Students are made familiar with the preservation techniques and processing methods of food items. |
|
7 |
Enzyme Engineering |
Enzyme Engineering |
It provides a valuable insight into the working of enzyme molecules, gives their structure, constructions, and interactions with cellular molecules, along with the idea of the process of catalysis. Deeper learning of the subject will help you in engineering enzymes that are durable. You will also know how to troubleshoot problems and monitor in-vitro and in-vivo activities. |
|
8 |
Environmental Biotechnology |
Environmental Biotechnology |
The subject stands on the foundation of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology. It serves as an introduction to the current biotechnological techniques and approaches implemented using microbes. |
Specialisations offered in Biotechnology
Biotechnology is an umbrella term that we use for covering expansive topics like genetics, microbiology, engineering, biochemistry, and chemistry. The applications of this study spread far and wide to industries like agriculture, animal husbandry, pollution control, energy production and conservation, disease research, eco-conservation, vaccines, insecticides, the development of medicines, and fertilizers.
|
Specialisation |
Subjects |
Details |
|---|---|---|
|
Plant Biology |
|
Students interested in plant biotechnology often choose this Specialisations. You will be studying plant life and applying technical methods to living organisms and the environment. |
|
Virology |
|
Specialisations in Virology allows students to learn in detail about human viral diseases, the definition and evolution of viruses, and the mechanism of viruses. Upon completion, students get involved in the research of viruses and the diseases related to them. |
|
Ecology |
|
The Specialisations offers a deep insight into the relationships among various organisms. It talks about the mutual influence of the environment in which organisms are living and the organisms themselves. |
Books and Authors Related to Biotechnology
As Biotechnology is a highly versatile field with many Specialisations students follow a wide range of books during their graduation or post graduation. Listed below are some books that are highly referred to.
|
Subject |
Book title |
Author |
Description |
|
Cell Biology |
Molecular Cell Biology |
H Lodish et al |
Molecular Cell Biology explains the link between human diseases and cell biology using relevant medical examples. |
|
Biochemistry |
Principles of Biochemistry |
Lehninger, and Cox, and Nelson |
Using resources and icons for each principle, the authors identify and explain the most important principles of Biochemistry. |
|
Genetics |
Genetics |
MW Strickberger |
This acclaimed book for classical genetics covers the basic theoretical information and the study of heredity through experiments and reasoning. |
|
Immunology |
The Elements of Immunology |
Khan F. H |
The author expertly breaks the confusing concept of complex molecular mechanisms into easy-to-understand steps in this book. |
|
Biochemistry |
Chemical Process Principles |
Ragatz, Hougen, and Watson |
The authors help students strengthen their ability to calculate chemical solutions by providing many problems at the end of every chapter. |
Syllabus for Distance Programme in Biotechnology
Students who cannot afford full-time courses can get their degrees through distance education. Also, students who are unable to meet the eligibility requirements for full-time courses, opt for part-time or distance B.Tech in Biotechnology programs. The syllabus of distance education programs is remarkably similar to the regular programs. The evaluation format (30% for internal assessment and 70% for the end semester examination) is nearly the same as the regular courses.
The top colleges for distance education in Biotechnology courses are GCT Coimbatore, SIT Darjeeling, UEC Ujjain, PMIST Thanjavur, GCE Salem, IIMT University Meerut, and SRM Institute of Science and Technology.
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- B.Sc. (Hons.) in BiotechnologyAmity University, Noida
- B.Sc. + M.Sc. in Biotechnology (Dual Degree)Amity University, Noida
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News & Updates
Student Forum
Answered an hour ago
Arround 6 lakhs
R
Beginner-Level 2
Answered 7 hours ago
Parul University has offered 60 seats for BSc in Medical Biotechnology course in 2026. This is the same number of seats as every other BSc course offered by the institute. Allocation of these seats will be done based on NEET-UG scores during the counselling rounds.
S
Contributor-Level 10
Answered Yesterday
For Stella Maris College, Chennai, the Class 12 cutoff for admission to the B.Sc Biotechnology/Advanced Zoology & Biotechnology programme in 2026 is expected to be around 75–80% aggregate for general category students. For OBC/EWS candidates, the cutoff is slightly lower (≈70–75%).
Stella Maris Col
S
Contributor-Level 10
Answered 3 days ago
With a JAM 2026 Biotechnology score of 61.67 and AIR 310, here's a realistic picture of your daughter's admission chances:
IITs
- Top IITs (Delhi, Bombay, Kharagpur, Madras)
- Cutoffs usually close around AIR 100–200.
- At rank 310, admission here is unlikely.
- Mid-tier IITs (Roorkee, Guwahati, BHU, Hyderabad)
S
Contributor-Level 10
Answered 4 days ago
Where to Find IPCET B.Sc Biotechnology Previous Papers
Shiksshaa Portal
Provides IPU CET previous year question papers in PDF format.
Covers multiple years and includes sample papers.
Useful for understanding exam pattern and difficulty level.
Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (IPU) Official Site
S
Contributor-Level 10
Answered 6 days ago
One of the best options is The Nivedita College. It has three courses, with fees between INR 3.35 Lacs and 5.2 Lakh, and median packages between INR 5.5 - 7.5 LPA. The Neotia University is also a fine choice as among the best biotech colleges in Kolkata. The fees is between INR 1.06 Lacs - 4.2 Lacs
S
Contributor-Level 10
Answered a week ago
Yes, BiPC (Biology, Physics, Chemistry) students can join UIET Kurukshetra (KUK) for Biotechnology, but not through JEE Main rank. Here's the distinction:
Admission Pathways at UIET Kurukshetra
B.Tech (CSE, ECE, Mechanical, Electrical, Civil, IT):
- Admission strictly via JEE Main + HSTES/JoSAA counseli
S
Contributor-Level 10
Answered 2 weeks ago
Total fees of BTech in Bioltechnology course at Amity University Lucknow is INR 6.68 lakh. This fees is the course fees mentioned on the website of Amity University Lucknow. It can include hostel fees for the course as well.
S
Contributor-Level 10
Answered 2 weeks ago
The GITAM GAT 2026 result for the Phase 2 exam held on March 29, 2026 (including B.Sc. Biotechnology), has already been declared.
According to official schedules for Phase 2, the results were typically announced on the day of the exam itself or by March 31, 2026. If you have not yet checked your sc
S
Contributor-Level 10
Answered 2 weeks ago
Hi,
Finding the 5-year Integrated M.Sc. in Biotech (Directly joining after 12th) is rare in Bangalore. Most of the institutes are following the B.Sc. (3/4 years) + M.Sc. (2 years) structure.
However, Bangalore University offers Integrated programme in Biotechnology course. Below are the details for t
T
Contributor-Level 10
Answered 3 weeks ago
Sharda University charges around INR 4.63 Lacs for BSc in Bioechnology course for academic year 2026. Aside from this fees, candidates will also need to pay the examination fees of INR 36,000, registration fees of INR 30,000, Alumni fees of INR 1,500 and hostel fees which will be differet for each c
S
Contributor-Level 10
Answered 4 weeks ago
There are no compulsory set of skills to gain before a Biotechnology course but yes some skills might help you navigate through the coursework more seamlessly. Some of those skills are -
- Genuine interest in the field
- Foundational knowledge of STEM subjects
- Attention to detail
- Meticulous note-making
- Good
D
Contributor-Level 10
Answered 4 weeks ago
Hi, Biotechnology is a highly interdisciplinary field that combines biological sciences with engineering technologies to manipulate living organisms and biological systems to produce products that advances ones career in -
healthcare, medicine, agriculture, food, pharmaceuticals and environment contr
D
Contributor-Level 10
Answered 4 weeks ago
Hi. Yes, GAT-B and BET 2026 online registrations are open until April 9. Candidates can apply online at the official website. For detailed information on the GAT-B 2026 application form you can see below link
https://www.shiksha.com/news/engineering-gat-b-2026-and-bet-official-notification-out-regis
Answered a month ago
The key highlights of Amity University Gwalior Bio Technology placements 2025 are mentioned below:
Particulars | Amity School of Bio Technology Placement Statistics 2025 |
|---|---|
the highest package | INR 8 LPA |
Average package | INR 4.97 LPA |
Median package | INR 4.5 LPA |
Placement rate | 68.18% |
Companies visited | 7 |
Batch size | 48 |
Opted for higher studies | 3 |
Students registered | 44 |
Students placed | 30 |
M
Contributor-Level 10
Answered a month ago
This is the most common route for PCB students who want to focus on the pure Science and research aspects (lab work, genetics, molecular biology). Math is not required for the BSc program. Your PCB combination is perfectly sufficient. You may need to appear for the CUCET (Chandigarh University Comm
C
Beginner-Level 5
Answered a month ago
Chandigarh University typically follows a slab-based system for scholarships. 90% and above: Usually 50% to 100% scholarship (depending on the programme and entrance score). 85% to 89.9%: You are likely looking at a 20% to 40% scholarship on the tuition fees. 80% to 84.9%: Usually up to 20% scholars
C
Beginner-Level 5
Answered a month ago
BSc Biotechnology is one of the most competitive courses at Pt. JLN Government College because of the limited seat count. Since there are only 80 spots available, the merit list usually closes at a very high percentage. Students often need to have scored above 85% or 90% in their 12th board exams to
R
Contributor-Level 9
Answered 2 months ago
Hi.The admissions for M.Sc. Biotechnology (2 years) programme in the Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Empowered Autonomous Institute), Mumbai will be through an Entrance Examination. Admission is based on score obtained in the entrance examination -70% weightage an
Answered 2 months ago
Bsc Biotechnology is one of the popular courses offered by St. Xavier's College Ranchi. The course fee ranges between Rs 83,000 to 92,000 based on different categories. Additional fees like that of hostel can also be applied if one opts for it.
P
Contributor-Level 9
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