HPBOSE 12th Exam Pattern 2025: Know Marking Scheme & Exam Duration

Himachal Pradesh Board of School Education 12th 2025 ( HPBOSE 12th )

Jasleen Taneja
Updated on Apr 1, 2025 13:08 IST

By Jasleen Taneja

HPBOSE 12th Exam Pattern 2025: According to the HPBOSE Class 12 exam pattern, the exam is conducted for regular, private and state open school in two sessions- morning and afternoon. In the morning session, the exam will be conducted from 8:45 am to 12 pm for the regular students. For the afternoon session, it will start from 1:45 to 5 pm for open school candidates. The maximum marks of the exam for each subject is 100. The board released the Maximum marks, theory, practical marks and passing marks.

The HPBOSE 12th exams 2025 were conducted between March 4 and 29, 2025 in pen and paper format. 

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Table of content
  • HPBOSE 12th English Exam Pattern 2025
  • HPBOSE 12th Physics Exam Pattern 2025
  • HPBOSE 12th Chemistry Exam Pattern 2025
  • HPBOSE 12th Mathematics Exam Pattern 2025
  • HP board 12th Biology Exam Pattern 2025
  • HPBOSE 12th Human Ecology & Family Science Exam Pattern 2025
  • FAQs on HPBOSE 12th Exam Pattern 2025
View More
HPBOSE 12th Logo

HPBOSE 12th English Exam Pattern 2025

 

Sections

Unit/ Areas of Learning

Marks

Section A

Reading Skills and reading unseen prose passages and note-making

17

Section B

Advanced writing skills

29

Section C (i)

English Reader

26

Section C (ii)

Supplementary reader

13

Q&A Icon
Commonly asked questions
Q:   When will HPBOSE conduct HPBOSE 12th board exams 2025?
A: 

Himachal Pradesh Board of School Education conducted the HPBOSE 12th exams 2025 between March 4 and 29, 2025. The exams are held in pen and paper format. Students can click on the link provided on this page to check and download the HPBOSE 12th date sheet 2025

Q:   What are the important documents to carry on HPBOSE 12th exam 2025 days?
A: 

You must not forget to carry your HPBOSE 12th admit card 2025 on all exam days. In case you forget, you will not be allowed to write the exam. Along with the HPBOSE admit card 2025, students must also carry their pens, pencils, ruler. geometry box etc.

The board shall release the HP Board 12th admit card 2025 in Feb 2025 on the official website. Students  need to collect their admit card from their school respectively.  The HPBOSE 12th exams 2025 will likely be held in March 2025.  

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HPBOSE 12th Physics Exam Pattern 2025

Unit Name

Marks

Electrostatics

7

Current electricity

7

Magnetic effect of current & magnetism

7

Electromagnetic induction and alternating current

7

Electronic devices

6

Communication systems

4

Electromagnetic waves

3

Optics

12

Dual nature of matter

3

Atoms and nuclei

4

Q&A Icon
Commonly asked questions
Q:   Will HP Board conduct the HPBOSE 12th board exams 2025 twice a year?
A: 

No, HP Board will conduct the HPBOSE 12th exams 2025 only once a year in March 2025 in pen and paper format. The Ministry of Education (MoE) has stated that it will conduct every board exam twice a year from the academic year 2025-26. Students will be allowed to retain the best score. However, HP Board is yet to release any official notification for the same.

Q:   What things are not allowed in HPBOSE 12th board exam?
A: 

Students must go through the points below to avoid the HP Board 12th board exam-day hassles:

  • All communication devices like mobile phones, Bluetooth devices, headphones, pagers, fitness bands, cameras, etc., are barred from carrying to the examination hall.
  • Accessories like wallets, goggles, handbags, and purses are not to be carried.
  • Students must not forget to carry all the stationary items that are required to appear for the HPBOSE 12th board exams as sharing of stationary is not allowed
  • However, do not forget to carry your HP Board admit card on all exam days
  • Students without the admit crad will not be allowed to write their HPBOSE exams
HPBOSE 12th Logo

HPBOSE 12th Chemistry Exam Pattern 2025

Unit Name

Marks

Solid-state

3

Solutions

4

Electrochemistry

5

Chemical kinetics

4

Surface chemistry

3

General principles and processes of isolation elements

2

P-block elements

6

D- and f-block elements

5

Coordination compounds

3

Biomolecules

3

Polymers

3

Chemistry in everyday life

2

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

4

Alcohols, phenols and ethers

4

Aldehydes, and carboxylic acids

5

Organic compounds containing nitrogen

4

Q&A Icon
Commonly asked questions
Q:   How to pass HPBOSE 12th exam without studying?
A: 

Almost every student must had this thought of passing the HP Board exams without studying, however, one should understand that HPBOSE 12th board exams are a turning point for their future. While there is no shortcut to pass the 10th board exams without studying, students can follow the points listed below and try their best to pass HPBOSE board exams.

  • Use Mind Maps And Visual Aids
  • Compile All The Notes
  • Practice Regular Summarisation
  • Quiz Yourself
  • Review Course Notes
  • Use Online Resources
  • Using A Tutor Or Study Group
  • Use Mnemonics
  • Stay Positive And Confident
  • Prioritise Sleep and Nutrition  
Q:   How can I prepare for HPBOSE exams using HP Board 12th date sheet 2025?
A: 

Students appearing for HP Board 12th Board Exam 2025 must understand the strategy to utilize HPBOSE 12th date sheet 2025 for preparation of HP Board Exams 2025. HPBOSE 12th Board Exam 2025 were held between March 4 and 29, 2025. Now, let us understand ways to use HPBOSE date sheet to commence CBSE Class 12 preparation 2025.  

Prepare a subject-wise list for HP Board Class 10, 12

List down all the subjects of HPBOSE Class 12 Board Exam 2025. Students appearing for HPBOSE Class 12 Board Exam 2025 will commonly be appearing for English, Mathematics, Physics/Accounts/History etc.

List down HPBOSE Class 10, 12 syllabus and list of topics to cover

Students are advised to cover the complete HP Board 12th syllabus 2025. It is important for students to cover the whole syllabus to score well in board exams. Students must also not forget to make note of important topics to cover to avoid last minute hassles.

Know your subject-wise strengths and weakness

Prioritize the subjects you think you are weak in. Try to cover the whole syllabus using time management. It is important to cover weak subjects before the ones you feel confident about. Use the HPBOSE 12th timetable to know the number of preparatory days allotted to each subject. Try and cover lengthy subjects much prior to any other subjects.

Make Notes for Revision

While preparing for HP Board Exams 2025 Class 12, students are advised to make notes for all the subjects. The short notes prepared during the preparation process will help students in last-minute revisions.

Don't forget to test yourself!

 While preparing for HP Board Class 12 Board Exam 2025, students are advised to keep testing themselves. Practice as many CBSE Class 12 Sample Paper 2025. Use previous year question papers to revise and practice for HPBOSE board exams 2025. Practicing sample papers will not only help students understand their preparation level but also teach them time management while making under the HP Board 12th exam pattern.

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HPBOSE 12th Mathematics Exam Pattern 2025

Units Marks
Relations and Functions – Types of relations: reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence relations. One to one and onto functions, composite functions, the inverse of a function. Binary operations.

Inverse Trigonometric Functions: Definition, range, domain, principal value branches. Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions. Elementary properties of inverse trigonometric functions.

9
Algebra – Matrices, Determinants 11
Calculus – Continuity and Differentiability, Applications of derivatives, Integrals, Applications of the Integrals, Differential Equation 38
Vectors and three-dimension geometry – Vectors, Three – Dimensional geometry 13
Linear programming – Linear Programming 6
Probability-Multiplication theorem on probability. Conditional probability, independent events, total probability, Baye’s theorem, Random variable and its probability distribution, mean and variance of haphazard variable. Repeated independent (Bernoulli) trials and Binomial distribution. 8
Q&A Icon
Commonly asked questions
Q:   When will HPBOSE 12th date sheet 2025 release?
A: 

HP Board released the HPBOSE 12th date sheet 2025 on Dec 30, 2024. The date sheet is out on the official website- hpbose.org. The HP Board 12th exams 2025 were held between March 4 and 29, 2025 in pen and paper format. The HP Board 12th date sheet 2025 mentions the exam days, dates and timings for all subjects. Students must download and take a printout of the HPBOSE 12th date sheet 2025 and keep it secure with them to refer it till their exams get over.

Q:   Will we get sufficient time to prepare for the HPBOSE 12th exams 2025 once they begin?
A: 

Yes, the board gives sufficient preparation leaves to students for the exams. The HP board exams 2025 were held between March 4 and 29,  2025 with ample number of prep leaves in between every subject. The HPBOSE 12th date sheet 2025 was released on Dec 30, 2024. Students can check it by clicking on the link provided. However, students are advised to finish the HPBOSE 12th syllabus, and know the exam pattern before the exams begin. They must also solve, analyse and practice the previous years question papers and HPBOSE 12th sample papers 2025 to be better prepared for the exams. Make notes of all important points while studying and get all the doubts cleared with your friends, teachers etc. This will ensure that you're prepared ahead of time and will help reduce the exam anxiety.

HPBOSE 12th Logo

HP board 12th Biology Exam Pattern 2025

Unit Name Marks
Sexual reproduction 11
Genetics and evolution 17
Ecology and environment 12
Biology and human welfare 10
Biotechnology and its applications 10
Q&A Icon
Commonly asked questions
Q:   How can I prepare for HPBOSE 12th exams 2025 in such a short time?
A: 

HPBOSE Class 12 exams 2025 were held between March 4 and 29, 2025. Considering not much time is left for certain subjects, students must read the tips below to score well in Class 12 exams 2025. 

Complete the whole syllabus: The Board has already released the whole HPBOSE 12th syllabus 2025 online. Students must note that nothing will come out of syllabus HP Board exam 2025. Covering every bit of the syllabus will help student get through the tricky questions asked during the HPBOSE Class 12 board exams 2025. Focusing on one marker because those questions are the key to score 100 and being regular with your studies. Do your best and prepare in advance so you don't panic in exams. 

Do at least one revision. Also, do at least the last three years' board question papers per subject to score well in HPBOSE board exams.

Cover NCERT Books thoroughly: One of the best ways to excel in the HP Board Exam 2025 Class 12 is to focus on NCERT instead of any other books. Make proper notes of all subjects, especially English, Maths. 

Utilise HPBOSE 12th date sheet 2025: Students prepping to appear for HP Board Exam 2025 Class 12 must note that HPBOSE 12th date sheet 2025 will be out soon. Students are advised to use the official schedule for the HP board exam to make a strategic plan and timetable for HP board exam preparation 2025. 

Focus on Revision: Once the syllabus is over, all you need to do is revise your syllabus and solve as many sample papers as you can. However, you can always go back to the basics for a quick run-through. Emphasize on revision and practice sample papers as it boosts confidence when you test yourself. 

Practice HPBOSE 12th Sample Papers 2025: Students prepping up for HPBOSE Class 12 Board Exam 2025 must note that HP Board 12th Sample Paper 2025 are available online at cbse.gov.in. These will make you familiar with the marking scheme, exam pattern, the types of questions asked in the exam etc. 

Q:   What are the timings of HPBOSE 12th exams 2025?
A: 

HPBOSE 12th exams 2025 will be conducted from 8:45 am to 12 pm for the regular students. For the afternoon session, it will start from 1:45 to 5 pm for open school candidates. The maximum marks of the exam for each subject is 100.

HPBOSE 12th Logo

HPBOSE 12th Human Ecology & Family Science Exam Pattern 2025

Unit

Marks

Work, livelihood and career, preparation, choices, and selection

  • Work, age and gender
  • Occupational heritage of India
  • Career options
  • Entrepreneurship and self-employment
  • Life skills for career building

17

Career opportunities –

3

  • Nutrition, Food Science and Technology

8

  • Human Development and Family Studies

8

  • Fabric and Apparel

8

  • Resource and Management

8

  • Communication and Extension

8

Q&A Icon
Commonly asked questions
Q:   Has HPBOSE released syllabus for class 12 2025?
A: 
Himachal Pradesh Board of School eduication (HPBOSE) has released the HP Board class 12 syllabus 2024-25 on its official website. Students can find the syllabus of Class 12 HPBOSE 2024-25 below for all subjects. Download and start studying for the board examinations. It is adviced that students finish their HPBOSE 12th syllabus 2025 for all subjects at least 2 months prior to the exam to score well.
Q:   Can I be promoted without scoring passing marks in HPBOSE 12th result?
A: 

Many students wish to clear their 12th board exams without studying, however, you should note that you will not be able to pass the HPBOSE 12th class without securing the minimum passing marks of 33 in all subjects and also 33 percent in aggregate.

In case you are unable to score the passing marks in one or two subjects, you will be allowed to sit for the HPBOSE Class 12 supplementary exams. You are advised to go through the HP Board 12th syllabus, and know the exam pattern so that you are able to build a strategy to score well in exams. Make notes of important points as you study. Stay confident and focus your energy on studies and you'll be able to pass with flying colours.

HPBOSE 12th Logo

FAQs on HPBOSE 12th Exam Pattern 2025

Students can check the FAQs on HP Board 12th exam Pattern 2025 below:

Q&A Icon
Commonly asked questions
Q:   How many HPBOSE 12th Mathematics question papers should I practice?
A: 

Students must ensure to solve atleast one previous year HPBOSE 12th question paper of Maths every day to efficiently prepare for the HPBOSE 12th Mathematics board exam. Make sure to practice the question papers during the last month of the preparation. 

Q:   When should I start solving HPBOSE 12th sample papers and previous year question papers?
A: 

Once you finish learning according to HPBOSE 12th syllabus, you can start solving the HPBOSE 12th sample papers and previous year question papers. You can solve the question papers and understand your weaknesses. Thus you can concentrate more on the topics on which you are weak.

Q:   Can I cheat in HPBOSE 12th board exam?
A: 

HPBOSE board is strictly against the practise of using any unfair means during the examinations. The board is actively working to prevent and discourage any malpractice during board examinations every year. 

So, you are advised to go through the HP Board 12th syllabus and solve as many previous years question papers and sample papers to avoid cheating during the HPBOSE 12th board exams.

Q:   Does Pariksha pe Charcha by PM Modi improves HPBOSE result?
A: 

Pariksha pe Charcha was started by PM Narendra Modi in 2018. It talks about combating stress and effective preparation during exams.  Time and again, our prime minister has suggested students to stay focused and confident about their preparation. He also advise students not to overstress themselves but rather celebrate exams like festivals. 

The HPBOSE board results have seen considerate improvement through the years. So, yes, Pariksha pe charcha does help students to remain calm and relaxed during examinations and this has resulted in better performance. 

Q:   Is HPBOSE Class 12th Board exam checking strict?
A: 

For Class 12th, it is considered to be strict. However, it is said that the checking done by evaluators is linient in comparison to the checking done by them in Class 9, 11 in their schools.

So, if u have covered the entire HPBOSE 12th syllabus and your preparation is on point, then you must not worry about the strict checking.

Q:   What is HPBOSE 12th English syllabus 2025?
A: 

The chapters in HPBOSE 12th English syllabus 2025 Literature includes- 

Flamingo Textbook
1. The Last Lesson (Aplhonse Daudet)
2. Lost Spring (Anees Jung)
3. Deep Water (William Douglas)
4. The Rattrap (Selma Lagerlof)
5. Indigo (Louis Fischer)
6. Poets and Pancakes (Asokamitran)
7. The Interview
Part I (Christopher Silvester)
Part II (An Interview with Umberto Eco)
8. Going Places (A.R. Barton)
Poetry
1. My Mother At Sixty-Six (Kamala Das)
2. Keeping Quiet (Pablo Neruda)
3. A Thing of Beauty (John Keats)
4. A Roadside Stand (Robert Frost)
5. Aunt Jennifer's Tigers (Adrienne Rich)
Vistas (Supplementary Reader)
1. The Third Level (Jack Finney)
2. The Tiger King (Kalki)
3. Journey to the end of the Earth (Tishani Doshi)
4. The Enemy (Pearl S. Buck)
5. On the Face of It (Susan Hill)
6. Memories of Childhood
? The cutting of My Long Hair (Zitkala-Sa)
? We Too are Human Beings (Bama) 

Click on the link to check the detailed HP Board 12th English syllabus 2025

Q:   Please share HP Board 12th Maths syllabus 2025.
A: 

The chapters included in the HPBOSE 12th Maths sylabus 2025 includes-

  1. Relations and Functions
    2. Inverse Trigonometric
    3. Matrices
    4. Determinants
    5. Continuity and Differentiability
    6. Application of Derivatives
    7. Integrals
    8. Application of Integrals
    9. Differential Equations
    10. Vector Algebra
    11. Three Dimensional Geometry
    12. Linear Programming
    13. Probability

Students can click on the link provided to check the detailed HP Board 12th Mathematics syllabus 2025

Q:   Can I be promoted without scoring passing marks in Class 12th?
A: 

Many students wish to clear their board exams without studying, however, please note that you will not be able to pass the 12th class without securing the minimum passing marks of 33 in all subjects and also 33 percent in aggregate.

In case you are unable to score the passing marks in one or two subjects, you will be allowed to sit for the supplementary exams. You are advised to go through the Class 12th syllabus of your board, and know the exam pattern so that you can score well in exams. 

Q:   What is the difference between HPBOSE 12th sample papers and HPBOSE 12th question paper?
A: 

HPBOSE 12th Sample papers are the question paper released by the Board at the beginning of the academic session. It shares the questions in a pattern similar to what you should expect in the main exam. They are provided to you to download and practice for better preparation.  However, HPBOSE 12th board exam question paper is the question paper you receive on the day of the exam. You need to go through the questions and answer them in the answer sheet provided by the board. You cannot know or practice the questions on the HPBOSE 12th board question paper prior to the exam.

Q:   What happens if we paste money in the HPBOSE 12th board exam?
A: 

Pasting money on a board exam paper would be considered an act of academic misconduct, specifically cheating. If a student is caught cheating during an exam, they could face serious consequences such as failing the exam, failing the entire course, or being expelled from school.

Explore subject-wise topics asked in HPBOSE 12th

Select your preferred subject

Complement of a SetEqual SetsUniversal SetFinite and Infinite SetEmpty SetSets and their RepresentationsRelations and FunctionsCartesian Products of SetsFunctionsRelationsBinomial TheoremBinomial Theorem for Positive Integral IndexComposition of Functions and Invertible FunctionTypes of FunctionsTypes of RelationsProperties of Inverse Trigonometric FunctionsInverse Trigonometric FunctionsBasic Concepts of Inverse Trigonometric FunctionsTypes of MatrixTranspose of a MatrixSymmetric and Skew Symmetric MatricesInvertible MatricesOperations on MatricesDeterminantsDeterminantsIntegration as Inverse Process of DifferentiationDifferentiationStandard DeviationAssumed Mean MethodCorrelation and RegressionZ Score TableCube and CuboidComplement of a SetEqual SetsUniversal SetFinite and Infinite SetEmpty SetSets and their RepresentationsRelations and FunctionsCartesian Products of SetsFunctionsRelationsBinomial TheoremBinomial Theorem for Positive Integral IndexComposition of Functions and Invertible FunctionTypes of FunctionsTypes of RelationsProperties of Inverse Trigonometric FunctionsInverse Trigonometric FunctionsBasic Concepts of Inverse Trigonometric FunctionsTypes of MatrixTranspose of a MatrixSymmetric and Skew Symmetric MatricesInvertible MatricesOperations on MatricesDeterminantsDeterminantsIntegration as Inverse Process of DifferentiationDifferentiationStandard DeviationAssumed Mean MethodCorrelation and RegressionZ Score TableCube and CuboidOverviewDIMENSIONS OF PHYSICAL QUANTITIESDIMENSIONAL FORMULAESignificant FiguresDIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATIONSINTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITSOverviewChange of StateIdeal Gas Equation and Absolute TemperatureThermal ExpansionHeat TransferSpecific HeatCalorimetryTemperature and HeatMeasurement of TemperatureThermodynamic ProcessCarnot EngineReversible and Irreversible ProcessThermal EquilibriumThermodynamic State Variables Equation of StateOverviewFirst Law of ThermodynamicsSecond Law of ThermodynamicsBehaviour of GasesKinetic Theory of Ideal GasOverviewPeriodic and Oscillatory MotionSimple PendulumSimple Harmonic MotionOverviewSpeed of a Travelling WaveDisplacement Relation in a Progressive WaveSuperposition PrincipleBeatsReflection of WavesKinematic Equation Uniformly of Accelerated MotionInstantaneous Velocity and SpeedOverviewAccelerationResolution of VectorsVector Addition by Analytical MethodScalars and VectorsMultiplication of Vectors by Real NumbersAddition and Subtraction of VectorsOverviewProjectile MotionMotion in a PlaneConservation of MomentumEquilibrium of a ParticleCircular MotionCommon Forces in MechanicsSolving Problems in MechanicsConservation of Mechanical EnergyPotential Energy of SpringPowerKinetic EnergyCollisionWorkConcept of Potential EnergyMoment of InertiaOverviewCentre of MassVector Product of Two VectorsTorque and Angular MomentumMotion of Centre of MassEquilibrium of a Rigid BodyOverviewAngular Velocity and Relation with Linear VelocityDynamics of Rotational Motion About a Fixed AxisKinematics of Rotational Motion About a Fixed AxisAngular Momentum of Rotation About a Fixed AxisKeplers LawOverviewEscape SpeedEarth SatellitesEnergy of an Orbiting SatelliteStress Strain CurveElastic ModuliApplications of Elastic Behaviour of MaterialsSurface TensionBernoulli PrinciplePressure in FluidsViscosityStreamline FlowForces between Multiple ChargesConductors and InsulatorsBasic Properties of Electric ChargeElectric ChargeElectric Charge and FieldElectric FluxElectric Charge and FieldElectric Field LinesContinuous Charge DistributionInterference Light Waves Youngs ExperimentRefraction Reflection Plane Wave Huygens PrincipleRefraction Reflection Plane Wave Huygens PrincipleEinstein Photoelectric TheoryPhotoelectric Effect Wave Theory LightPhotoelectric EffectElectron EmissionOverviewBohr Model of Hydrogen AtomRadioactivityPhysics Nuclei OverviewSize of NucleusBinding EnergyNuclear EnergySemiconductor Devices OverviewSemiconductor Devices OverviewSemiconductor DiodeDiode as RectifierIntrinsic SemiconductorExtrinsic SemiconductorOverviewPotential Due to Point ChargeCombination of CapacitorsElectrostatic PotentialEnergy Stored in a CapacitorCapacitors and CapacitanceEffect of Dielectric on CapacitanceElectrostatics of ConductorsPotential Energy of a System of ChargesPotential due to a System of ChargesElectric CurrentOverviewElectrical Energy and PowerTemperature Dependence of ResistivityWheatstone BridgeOverviewOhms LawKirchhoffs LawDrift of Electrons and the Origin of ResistivityTorque on Current Loop Magnetic DipoleMotion in Magnetic FieldSolenoidMagnetic Field due to a Current ElementMagnetic Field on Axis of Circular Current LoopAmpere Circuital LawMagnetic ForceOverviewMoving Coil GalvanometerMagnetism and MatterMagnetic Properties of MaterialsMagnetisation and Magnetic IntensityBar MagnetElectromagnetismMotional Electromotive ForceExperiments of Faraday and HenryAlternating Current OverviewTransformerAC Voltage Applied to a ResistorAC Voltage Applied to an InductorAC Voltage applied to a CapacitorAC Voltage applied to a Series LCR circuitRepresentation of AC Current and Voltage by VectorElectromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic WavesDisplacement CurrentTotal Internal ReflectionRefraction through a PrismOptical InstrumentsDerivation of Lens FormulaReflection of Light by Spherical MirrorsRefraction at Spherical Surface and by LensesDerive Equation of Motion by Calculus methodAlternating Current OverviewMole Concept and Molar MassSTOICHIOMETRY AND STOICHIOMETRIC CALCULATIONSPercentage CompositionLaws of Chemical CombinationAtomic and Molecular MassesProperties of Matter and their MeasurementImportance of ChemistryOverviewOverviewAtomic ModelsDiscovery of Sub Atomic ParticlesTowards Quantum Mechanical Model of AtomQuantum Mechanical Model of AtomElectronic Configuration Types of ElementsPeriodic Table Electronic Configuration of ElementPeriodic Trends in Properties of ElementsGenesis of Periodic ClassificationNomenclature of Elements with Atomic NumbersPresent Form of Periodic TableChemical Bonding and Molecular StructureHybridizationValence Bond TheoryMolecular Orbital TheoryHydrogen BondingIonic or Electrovalent BondKossel-Lewis Approach to Chemical BondingBond ParametersBonding in Homonuclear Diatomic MoleculesVSEPR TheoryApplications of Chemical BondingEquilibrium ProcessesHomogeneous EquilibriaFactors Affecting EquilibriaApplications of Equilibrium ConstantIonization of Acids and BasesIonic Equilibrium in SolutionEquilibrium in Chemical ProcessesSolubility Equilibria of Sparingly Soluble SaltsHeter Heterogeneous EquilibriaOxidation NumberClassification of Organic CompoundsIsomerismNomenclature of Organic CompoundsQuantitative AnalysisQualitative Analysis of Organic CompoundsOverviewStructural Representations of Organic CompoundsFundamental Concepts in Organic Reaction MechanismTetravalence of Carbon Shapes of Organic CompoundsMethods of Purification of Organic CompoundsClassificationAlkanesAlkenesAlkynesAromatic HydrocarbonCarcinogenicity and ToxicityAbnormal Molar MassColligative Properties and Molar MassSolubilityProteinsVitaminsCarbohydratesEnzymesHormonesNucleic AcidsElectrolytic Cells and ElectrolysisCorrosionGalvanic CellFuel CellsNernst EquationElectrochemical CellsBatteriesRate of ReactionIntegrated Rate EquationsCollision Theory of Chemical ReactionsTemperature Dependence of the Rate of a ReactionFactors Influencing Rate of a ReactionBonding in Metal CarbonylsDifference between Glucose and Fructose

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