JAC 12th Syllabus 2025: Download JAC 12th Board Latest Syllabus PDF

This exam is conducted for courses given below:

Commerce Science Arts Science, Commerce, Arts

Updated on Mar 13, 2023 16:13 IST

By Md Shahzad, Senior Executive - Content

The Jharkhand Academic Council has released the JAC 12th Syllabus 2024 for Commerce stream on the official JAC website. It has also been provided below for the reference of students. Students must note that the Jharkhand Board refers NCERT books for preparing its students for the board exams.

Table of content

JAC 12th Economics Syllabus 2024
JAC 12th Syllabus 2024 for Business Studies
JAC 12th Syllabus 2024 for Accountancy
JAC 12th Syllabus for Arts: Frequently Asked Questions

JAC 12th Economics Syllabus 2024

Students can check below the JAC Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2024

Part A: Introductory Macroeconomics
Unit 1: National Income and Related Aggregates	What is Macroeconomics? Basic concepts in macroeconomics: consumption goods, capital goods, final goods, intermediate goods; stocks and flows; gross investment and depreciation. Circular flow of income (two-sector model); Methods of calculating National Income - Value Added or Product method, Expenditure method, Income method. Aggregates related to National Income: Gross National Product (GNP), Net National Product (NNP), Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Net Domestic Product (NDP) - at market price, at factor cost; Real and Nominal GDP GDP Deflator, GDP and Welfare
Unit 2: Money and Banking	Money – meaning and functions, supply of money - Currency held by the public and net demand deposits held by commercial banks. Money creation by the commercial banking system. Central bank and its functions (example of the Reserve Bank of India): Bank of issue, Govt. Bank, Banker's Bank, Control of Credit through Bank Rate, Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR), Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR), Repo Rate and Reverse Repo Rate, Open Market Operations, Margin requirement.
Unit 3: Determination of Income and Employment	Aggregate demand and its components. Propensity to consume and propensity to save (average and marginal). Short-run equilibrium output; investment multiplier and its mechanism. Meaning of full employment and involuntary unemployment. Problems of excess demand and deficient demand; measures to correct them - changes in government spending, taxes and money supply.
Unit 4: Government Budget and the Economy	Government budget - meaning, objectives and components. Classification of receipts - revenue receipts and capital receipts; Classification of expenditure – revenue expenditure and capital expenditure. Balanced, Surplus and Deficit Budget – measures of government deficit.
Unit 5: Balance of Payments	Balance of payments account - meaning and components; Balance of payments – Surplus and Deficit Foreign exchange rate - meaning of fixed and flexible rates and managed floating. Determination of exchange rate in a free market, Merits and demerits of flexible and fixed exchange rate. Managed Floating exchange rate system
Part B: Indian Economic Development
Unit 6: Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991	A brief introduction of the state of Indian economy on the eve of independence. Indian economic system and common goals of Five Year Plans. Main features, problems and policies of agriculture (institutional aspects and new agricultural strategy), industry (IPR 1956; SSI – role & importance) and foreign trade. Economic Reforms since 1991: Features and appraisals of liberalisation, globalisation and privatisation (LPG policy); Concepts of demonetization and GST
Unit 7: Current challenges facing Indian Economy	Human Capital Formation: How people become resource; Role of human capital in economic development; Growth of Education Sector in India Rural development: Key issues - credit and marketing - role of cooperatives; agricultural diversification; alternative farming - organic farming Employment: Growth and changes in work force participation rate in formal and informal sectors; problems and policies Sustainable Economic Development: Meaning, Effects of Economic Development on Resources and Environment, including global warming
Unit 8: Development Experience of India	A comparison with neighbours India and Pakistan India and China Issues: economic growth, population, sectoral development and other Human Development Indicators

Provided below is the complete JAC Class 12 Syllabus for Economics:

View Syllabus

JAC 12th Syllabus 2024 for Business Studies

Students can check below the JAC 12th syllabus 2024 for Business studies:

Units
Part A	Principles and Functions of Management
1	Nature and Purpose of Business - Management - concept, objectives, and importance, Management as Science, Art and Profession, Levels of Management, Management functions-planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling, Coordination- concept and importance
2	Principles of Management - Principles of Management - concept and significance, Fayol’s principles of management, Taylor’s Scientific management - principles and techniques
3	Business Environment - Business Environment- concept and importance, Dimensions of Business Environment - Economic, Social, Technological, Political and Legal Demonetization - concept and features
4	Planning- Planning: Concept, importance and limitation, Planning process, Single use and Standing Plans. Objectives, Strategy, Policy, Procedure, Method, Rule, Budget and Programme
5	Organising - Organising: Concept and importance, Organising Process, Structure of organisation- functional and divisional concept. Formal and informal organization - concept, Delegation: concept, elements and importance, Decentralization: concept and importance
6	Staffing - Staffing: Concept and importance of staffing, Staffing as a part of Human Resource Management concept, Staffing process, Recruitment process, Selection – process, Training and Development - Concept and importance, Methods of training - on the job and off the job - vestibule training, apprenticeship training and internship training
7	Directing - Concept and importance, Elements of Directing, Motivation - concept, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Financial and non-financial incentives, Leadership - concept, styles - authoritative, democratic and laissez faire, Communication - concept, formal and informal communication; barriers to effective communication, how to overcome the barriers?
8	Controlling - Concept and importance, Relationship between planning and controlling, Steps in process of control
Part B	Business Finance & Marketing
7	Financial Management - Financial Management: Concept, role and objectives, Financial decisions: investment, financing and dividend - Meaning and factors affecting, Financial Planning - concept and importance, Capital Structure – concept and factors affecting capital structure, Fixed and Working Capital - Concept and factors affecting their requirements
8	Financial Markets - Concept, Money Market: Concept, Capital market and its types (primary and secondary), Stock Exchange - Functions and trading procedure, Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) - objectives and functions
9	Marketing Management - Marketing – Concept, functions and philosophies, Marketing Mix – Concept and elements, Product – branding, labelling and packaging – Concept, Price - Concept, Factors determining price, Physical Distribution – concept, components and channels of distribution, Promotion – Concept and elements; Advertising, Personal Selling, Sales Promotion and Public Relations
10	Consumer Protection - Consumer Protection: Concept and importance, Meaning of consumer Rights and responsibilities of consumers Who can file a complaint? Redressal machinery Remedies available, Consumer awareness - Role of consumer organizations and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

JAC 12th Syllabus 2024 for Accountancy

Students can find below the Jharkhand Board syllabus 2024 for Accountancy

Accounting for Partnership Firms and Companies
Unit 1. Accounting for Partnership Firms	Partnership: features, Partnership Deed. Provisions of the Indian Partnership Act 1932 in the absence of partnership deed. Fixed v/s fluctuating capital accounts. Preparation of Profit and Loss Appropriation account- division of profit among partners, guarantee of profits. Past adjustments (relating to interest on capital, interest on drawing, salary and profit sharing ratio). Goodwill: meaning, nature, factors affecting and methods of valuation - average profit, super profit and capitalization. Note: Interest on partner's loan is to be treated as a charge against profits. Goodwill: meaning, factors affecting, need for valuation, methods for calculation (average profits, super profits and capitalization), adjusted through partners capital/ current account. Accounting for Partnership firms - Reconstitution and Dissolution. Change in the Profit Sharing Ratio among the existing partners - sacrificing ratio, gaining ratio, accounting for the revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities and treatment of reserves, accumulated profits and losses. Preparation of revaluation account and balance sheet. Admission of a partner - effect of admission of a partner on change in the profit sharing ratio, treatment of goodwill (as per AS 26), treatment for revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities, treatment of reserves, accumulated profits and losses. Note: (i) If the realized value of tangible assets is not given it should be considered as realized at book value itself. (ii) If the realized value of intangible assets is not given it should be considered as nil (zero value). (ii) In case, the realization expenses are borne by a partner, clear indication should be given regarding the payment thereof.
Unit-3 Accounting for Companies	Accounting for Share Capital Features and types of companies. Share and share capital: nature and types Accounting for share capital: issue and allotment of equity and preferences shares. Public subscription of shares - over subscription and under subscription of shares; issue at par and at premium, calls in advance and arrears (excluding interest), issue of shares for consideration other than cash. Concept of Private Placement and Employee stock Option Plan (ESOP), Sweat Equity. Accounting treatment of forfeiture and reissue of shares. Disclosure of share capital in the Balance Sheet of a company. Accounting for Debentures Debentures: Meaning, types, Issue of debentures at par, at a premium and at a discount. Issue of debentures for consideration other than cash; Issue of debentures with terms of redemption; debentures as collateral security-concept, interest on debentures (concept of TDS is excluded). Writing off discount / loss on issue of debentures. Note: Discount or loss on issue of debentures to be written off in the year debentures are allotted from Security Premium Reserve (if it exists) and then from Statement of Profit and Loss as Financial Cost (AS 16)
Financial Statement Analysis
Unit 4: Analysis of Financial Statements	Financial statements of a Company: Meaning, Nature, Uses and importance of financial Statement. Statement of Profit and Loss and Balance Sheet Note: Exceptional items, extraordinary items and profit (loss) from discontinued operations are excluded. Financial Statement Analysis: Meaning, Significance Objectives, importance and limitations. Tools for Financial Statement Analysis: Comparative statements, common size statements, Ratio analysis, Cash flow analysis. Accounting Ratios: Meaning, Objectives, Advantages, classification and computation. Liquidity Ratios: Current ratio and Quick ratio. Solvency Ratios: Debt to Equity Ratio, Total Asset to Debt Ratio, Proprietary Ratio and Interest Coverage Ratio. Debt to Capital Employed Ratio. Activity Ratios: Inventory Turnover Ratio, Trade Receivables Turnover Ratio, Trade Payables Turnover Ratio, Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio, Net Asset Turnover Ratio and Working Capital Turnover Ratio. Profitability Ratios: Gross Profit Ratio, Operating Ratio, Operating Profit Ratio, Net Profit Ratio and Return on Investment.
Unit 5: Cash Flow Statement	Meaning, objectives Benefits, Cash and Cash Equivalents, Classification of Activities and preparation (as per AS 3 (Revised) (Indirect Method only) Note: (i) Adjustments relating to depreciation and amortization, profit or loss on sale of assets including investments, dividend (both final and interim) and tax. (ii) Bank overdraft and cash credit to be treated as short term borrowings. (iii) Current Investments to be taken as Marketable securities unless otherwise specified.