TBSE 12th Syllabus 2025-26: Download Latest TBSE 12th Board Syllabus PDF

Relations and Functions

• Types of relations: Equivalence, Symmetric, Transitive and Reflexive Relations

• Functions: One to one and onto functions, the inverse of a function, and composite functions.

• Binary operations

• Inverse Trigonometric Functions And Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions: properties of inverse, range, domain, principal value branch.

NCERT Solutions on Relations and Functions

Algebra

• Matrices Properties of addition, scalar multiplication, and non-commutativity of multiplication of matrices

NCERT Solution for Matrices

• Existence of non-zero matrices

• Concept of elementary row and column operations.

• Invertible matrices and proof of the uniqueness of inverse

• Determinants: Consistency and inconsistency

NCERT Solution for Determinants

• Solutions of systems of linear equations in two or three variables using the inverse of a matri

NCERT Solution for Linear Programming

Calculus

• Continuity and Differentiability: Concept of logarithmic and exponential functions.

• Lagrange’s and Rolle’s Mean Value Theorems

• Applications of Derivatives
• Integrals
• Applications of the Integrals in finding areas under Straight lines, simple curves, circles/ellipse/parabolas.
• Differential Equations: Introduction, order, and degree

• Formation of a differential equation, solution of differential equations, Solutions of the linear differential equation of the form: dy/dx + py = q

NCERT Solutions for Limits and Derivatives

Vectors and 3-D Geometry

• Vectors: Vectors and scalars

• Magnitude and direction of a vector, direction ratios of a vector, and direction cosines.

• Types of vectors, components of a vector, position vector of a point dividing a line in an assigned ratio.

• Geometrical Evaluation, properties, and application of scalar (dot) product of vectors, a scalar triple product of vectors, vector (cross) product of vectors

NCERT Solutions on Vectors

• Direction ratios and direction cosines of a line connecting two points.

• Cartesian equation and vector equation of a line and a plane.

• Angle between line and two lines

• Angle between a plane and two planes

NCERT Solution for 3-D Geometry

Linear Programming

• Definition, objective function, optimization, and constraints

• Different types of linear programming problems.

• Mathematical formulation of linear programming problems.

• Graphical method of solution for linear equation problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible regions, feasible and infeasible solutions

NCERT Solution for Linear Programming

Probability

• Conditional probability and Multiplication theorem on probability, total probability

• Independent events

• Baye’s theorem

• Random variable, Mean and variance of the random variable and its probability distribution

• Binomial distribution

NCERT Solution for Probability

Reproduction

Reproduction in Organisms

Reproduction and Modes of Reproduction

14 Marks

Asexual Reproduction

Uniparental, Vegetative Propagation in Plants, Micropropagation.

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Flower Structure, Fruit Formation, Seed Development, Significance of Seed and Fruit Formation

Human Reproduction

Male and Female Reproductive System, Menstrual Cycle, Parturition, Lactation

Reproductive Health

Need for Reproductive Health and prevention of STD, Birth Control, Amniocentesis.

Genetics and Evolution

Reproduction in organisms

Heredity and Variation

18 Marks

Mendelian Inheritance

Deviations from Mendelism, Chromosomes and Genes, Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Sex Determination

In humans, birds, and honey bee

Linkage and Crossing Over

Sex-linked inheritance, Crossing Over

Mendelian Disorders in Humans

Chromosomal disorders in humans, Down’s syndrome, Turner’s and Klinefelter’s syndromes.

Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material

Structure of DNA and RNA, DNA packaging, DNA replication, Central dogma

Evolution

Origin of Life

Biological evolution and evidence for biological evolution

Dorwin’s contribution, Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution, Hardy – Weinberg’s principle.

Mechanism of evolution

Adaptive Radiation, Human Evolution, Gene flow, and genetic drift.

Biology and Human Welfare

Health and Diseases

Basic concepts of immunology, Pathogens, Cancer, HIV and AIDS, Adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse.

14 Marks

Insects and Human Welfare

Silk, Honey, Lac.

Improvement in Food Production

Plant Breeding, Tissue Culture, Single Cell Protein, Animal Husbandry

Microbes in Human Welfare

In household food processing, Industrial production, Sewage treatment, Energy generation, and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers.

Biotechnology and its Applications

Principles and Process of Biotechnology

Genetic engineering (Recombinant DNA technology).

10 Marks

Application of Biotechnology in Health and Agriculture

Biosafety Issues, Biopiracy and patents

Ecology and Environment

Meaning of ecology, environment, habitat and niche

Organisms and Environment

14 Marks

Population and ecological adaptations

Population Interactions, Age Distribution, Population attributes

Ecosystems

Ecological Succession, Ecological Services, Pyramids of Number, Biomass Energy.

Biodiversity and its conservation

Threats to, and need for Biodiversity conservation, Hotspots, Biosphere Reserves, National Parks, Sanctuaries.

Environmental Issues

Air Pollution, Water Pollution, Agrochemicals, Greenhouse Effect, Ozone Depletion.

Prose

1. Dream and Message(From ignited Minds)
2. A Trip Up the Brahmaputra
3. After Twenty years
4. Midsummer Night’s Dream(Act V, Sc. I)

17

Poetry

1. Crossing the Bar
2. The Lake Isle of Innisfree
3. Macavity, The Mystery Cat
4. An Elementary School Classroom In a Slum

12

Supplementary Reader

Letter from a Father to His Daughter - Jawaharlal Nehru.

Letter Numbers 11, 18, 20, 21, and 23.

6

Writing

1. Notice
2. Official Letter(Offices, Organization, Editor)(
3. Descriptive Narrative or Newspaper Report Writing

25

Grammar

1. Editing
2. Dialogue completion
3. Transformation (Interchange of Simple, complex and Compound)

10

Comprehension

One passage for comprehension (maximum 400 - 500 words)

20

Project

One of the five projects in 800 to 1000 words:

1. Survey of the state of anyone Elementary School in your locality.
2. Temples of Tripura
3. Tourism in Tripura
4. Enlist and describe the major characteristics of the Shakespearean Comedy.
5. Quote at least three(03) poems written on river(s) and prepare a report drawing out their similarities and dissimilarities

10

Micro Economics

Functions, Curves, and Straight Lines

Non-Evaluative

41 Marks

Demand

10

Elasticity of Demand

5

Production Function

5

Cost of Production and Revenue from Production

9

Supply Function

5

Markets and their Equilibrium

7

Macro Economics

National Income

5

34 Marks

Determination of National Income, Consumption, Saving, Inflation

10

Money and Banking

5

Fiscal Policy

6

International Trade, Balance of Payments, Exchange Rate

8

Statistics and Indian Economy

Measures of Dispersion

5

15 Marks

Poverty, Inequality, Unemployment

Introduction to Partnership

Meaning of Partnerships, Partners, Firms, and more, Appropriation Accounts, Goodwill.

10

Reconstruction of Partnership

Change in the profit sharing ratio among the existing partners, Admission of a partner, Retirement and Death of a Partner

25

Accounting for Shares Capital

Share and share capital, Accounting treatment of forfeiture and reissue, Disclosure of share capital in Company’s Balance sheet (Vertical form).

20

Accounting for Debentures

Meaning, Issue of debentures at par, at premium and at discount. Issue of

debentures for consideration other than cash. Debentures as collateral security. Interested on

Debentures.

5

Analysis of Financial Statements

Financial statements of a company, Financial Statement Analysis, Tools for Financial Statement Analysis, Accounting Ratios, Liquidity Ratios, Solvency Ratios, Activity Ratios, Profitability Ratios.

12

Cash Flow Statement

Meaning, Objective and Preparation.

8

Application of Computers in Financial Accounting

Concept, data entry text Management and Cell formatting, data formatting, outPut reports,

Preparation of reports, using a pivot table, Common errors in SpreadSheet.

4

Database Management System for Accounting

Defining database requirements, identification of data to be stored in a table, structural data, Creating data tables for accounting, Using queries for generating accounting information

with the help of Microsoft Access Software.

6

Historiography

8

Growth of Colonialism and Expansion of Imperialism

11

Colonial Supremacy and its impact on India and China

12

Imperialism and the Social, Economic, and Cultural Reaction

11

Colonial Administration and Reaction of Indians

12

Political Developments in Asia during the Second World War

12

The Cold War

11

Decolonization and Nation Building

13

Intelligence

Definition and Nature of Intelligence, Theories, and Types of Intelligence, Intelligence Tests, Gifted Children, Backward Children.

7

Social Influence on Individual Group Processes

and Leadership

Social Influence, Definition and Characteristics of a Group, Classification of Groups, Characteristics of Primary Group and Role of Primary Group in Socialization, Leadership.

8

Attitude and Social Cognition

Definition of Attitude, Characteristics, Measurement of Attitude, Change of Attitude, Persuasion and Cognitive Dissonance with the example,

Social Cognition with special reference to Schemas

Prejudice, Discrimination,

Difference between Prejudice and Discrimination.

6

Personality

Definition and Characteristics of Personality, Factors Influencing Personality (Heredity, Environment), Personality Types.

9

Adjustment

Definition and Concept of Adjustment (Self, Family, Society), Causes of Maladjustment (Conflict, Sense of Insecurity, Hostility and Guilt), Symptoms of Maladjustment / Defence Mechanisms.

6

Health Psychology

Concept of Health Psychology, Definition of Stress, Causes of Stress, Conflict and its Types, Effects of Stress, Stress Management.

6

Psychological Disorders

Concept of Abnormality, Criteria of Normality, Major Psychological Disorders (Symptoms, Types, Causes and Brief Outline of

Management).

8

Identity Development

Identity, Identity Crisis, Mature Identity, Factors Influencing Identity, Gender.

6

Environment and Behaviour

Environment, Types and Relation Between Man and Environment, Concept of Ecology and Ecosystem, Environmental Pollution, Environmental Education

6

Statistics in Psychology

Types of Statistics (Descriptive and Inferential),

Role of Statistics in Psychology, Utility of Frequency Distribution, Normal Probability Curve, Correlation.

8

Geomorphic Processes and resultant landforms

8

Cycle of Erosion

6

Drainage Pattern, classification, characteristics and relation with structure and topography.

5

Soil: Definition, factors of

soil formation

8

Climate

8

Concept of Economic

activities

8

Secondary activities

8

Population

7

Settlement

7

Regional Economic

Development

5

Major Political Concepts

i) New Liberalism

ii) Marxism

iii) Gandhism

7

Organs of Government

i) Separation of Power

ii) a) Executive Functions

b) Legislature

iii) Judiciary

10

Executive in India

i) The President

ii) The Prime Minister

iii) The Governor of a State iv) The Chief Minister of a State

9

Legislature in India

i) The Parliament

ii) State Legislature Assembly (with special reference to Tripura)

iii) Parliamentary Procedure – Zero Hour, No Confidence cut and Adjournment Motion, Calling Attention Motion (meaning)

11

Judiciary in India

i) Supreme Court

ii) High Court

iii) Subordinate Judiciary

iv) Lok Adalat and Consumer Court

9

Local Self Government

i) Rural Self Government (Composition, Function and Sources of

Income with special reference to Tripura)

ii) Urban self Government, Composition and Functions

(with special reference to Tripura)

10

International Relations and Politics

i) Meaning of International Relations and Politics

ii) Some key concepts in International Relations and Politics

7

International Relations in the Post Second

World War Period

i) Cold War

ii) NonAlignment Movement

iii) Globalization

9

U.N.O

i) Origin

ii) The U.N and its evolution on peacekeeping operations

9

Foreign Policy

i) Foreign Policy – Meaning and determinants

ii) Basic features of Indian Foreign Policy

iii) India and SAARC

9

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TBSE_12th_Philosophy_Syllabus