CBSE 12th Science Syllabus 2025-26: Download Subject-wise Syllabus PDF

CBSE 12th 2026 ( CBSE 12th )

DeskCalelnderExam On - 17 Feb '26 - 5 Mar '26

This exam is conducted for courses given below:
Jasleen Taneja
Updated on Sep 4, 2025 12:56 IST

By Jasleen Taneja

CBSE 12th Science Syllabus 2026: The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) released the CBSE 12th Science syllabus 2026 in March 2025 on the official website. The CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2026 Science is released online at cbseacademic.nic.in. CBSE Class 12th exams 2026 are expected to commence on February 15, 2026. The subject-wise CBSE 12th Science syllabus 2026 is provided below.

Students must go through the entire CBSE Science Syllabus 2026 and strategize their study schedule accordingly. Students must also go through the CBSE 12th Science Exam Pattern 2026 to know the marking scheme and the type of questions asked, among other things. The CBSE 12th Datesheet 2026 is likely to be out in November 2025. Click on the links provided below to download the CBSE 12th Science syllabus 2026.

After going through the entire syllabus and CBSE Exam Pattern, students must ensure that they solve as many CBSE 12th sample papers/previous years' question papers to self-analyse the preparation. Students can also go through the CBSE Science preparation tips for Class 12 to know how to approach the board examinations.

CBSE has provided the CBSE class 12th syllabus for Science subjects like Physics, Chemistry, and Biology on its official website. Students can download it by clicking on the subject-wise links provided below and start learning and practicing it to score better.

Q:   What is CBSE 12th Mathematics Syllabus 2026?
A: 
UnitsMarks
Relations and Functions8
Algebra10
Calculus35
Vectors and Three - Dimensional Geometry14
Linear Programming5
Probability8
Total80
Internal assessment20

To download the complete CBSE Class 12 Maths Syllabus 2025, Click Here

Q:   Is CBSE 12th syllabus 2026 out?
A: 

Yes, the Central board of Secondary education has released the CBSE 12th syllabus for the academic year 2025-26 on the official website. Students can clcik on the link provided below to check and download the CBSE Class 12 syllabus 2026. They must go through all the topics carefully and refer the NCERT books to prepare well for the exams. 

CBSE 12th Syllabus 2026 for all subjects

Q:   What is the exam duration for CBSE Class 12 board exams?
A: 

CBSE 12th board exams are conducted for 3 hours for most subjects. The timings are 10:30 am to 1:30 pm. For some skills subjects, the exams are held for 2 hours too, from 10:30 to 12:30 pm. Students can check the detailed CBSE 12th time table 2026 by clicking on - CBSE Class 12 time table 2026

Table of content
  • CBSE 12th Science Syllabus 2026
  • CBSE 12th Physics Syllabus 2026
  • CBSE 12th Chemistry Syllabus 2026
  • CBSE 12th Biology Syllabus 2026
  • CBSE 12th Science Syllabus 2026 Download PDFs
  • FAQs on CBSE 12th Science Syllabus 2026
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CBSE 12th Science Syllabus 2026

CBSE Science Syllabus 2026 Class 12 - Students can download the CBSE 12th Syllabus 2026 for all Science subjects like Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. The syllabus mentions all the topics that are to be covered for better preparation for the exams. Knowing the syllabus lets one know the weightage carried by each chapter and helps one plan the study time accordingly.

Also Read:

CBSE 12th Mathematics Syllabus 2026

Students must go through the CBSE Class 12 Mathematics Syllabus 2026 carefully and cover it on time. The topics and the marks have been mentioned below:

Units

Chapters/Topics

Unit-I: Relations and Functions

1. Relations and Functions

Types of relations: reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence relations. One-to-one and
onto functions.

2. Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Definition, range, domain, principal value branch. Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions.

Unit-II: Algebra

 

 

 

 

1. Matrices
Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero and identity matrix, transpose of a matrixsymmetric and skew-symmetric matricesOperations on matrices: Addition and multiplication and multiplication with a scalar. Simple properties of addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication. Non- commutativity of multiplication of matrices and existence of nonzero matrices whose product is the zero matrix (restrict to square matrices of order 2).

Invertible matrices and proof of the uniqueness of inverse, if it exists; (Here all matrices will have real entries).

2. Determinants
Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3 x 3 matrices), minors, co-factors and applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangleAdjoint and inverse of a square matrix. Consistency, inconsistency and number of solutions of system of linear equations by examples, solving system of linear equations in two or three variables (having unique solution) using inverse of a matrix.

Unit-III: Calculus

1. Continuity and Differentiability

Continuity and differentiability, chain rule, derivative of composite functions, derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions like sin−1 𝑥, cos−1 𝑥 and tan−1 𝑥, derivative of implicit functions.

Concept of exponential and logarithmic functions. Derivatives of logarithmic and exponential functions. Logarithmic differentiationthe derivative of functions expressed in parametric formsSecond-order derivatives.

2. Applications of Derivatives

Applications of derivatives: rate of change of quantitiesincreasing/decreasing functionsmaxima and minima (first derivative test motivated geometrically and second derivative test given as a provable tool). Simple problems (that illustrate basic principles and understanding of the subject as well as real-life situations).

3. Integrals

Integration as inverse process of differentiation. Integration of a variety of functions by substitution, by partial fractions and by parts, Evaluation of simple integrals of the following types and problems based on them.

Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (without proof). Definite integralsBasic properties of definite integrals and evaluation of definite integrals.

4. Application of the Integrals

Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, circles/ parabolas/ellipses (in standard form only)

5. Differential Equations

Definition, order and degree, general and particular solutions of a differential equation. Solution
of differential equations by method of separation of variables, solutions of homogeneous
differential equations of first order and first degree. Solutions of linear differential equation of the
type:

Unit-IV: Vectors and Three-dimensional Geometry

1. Vectors

Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector. Direction cosines and direction ratios of a vector. Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors), position vector of a point, negative of a vector, components of a vector, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio. Definition, Geometrical Interpretation, properties and application of scalar (dot) product of vectors, vector (cross) product of vectors.

2. Three-dimensional Geometry

Direction cosines and direction ratios of a line joining two points. Cartesian equation and vector equation of a line, skew lines, shortest distance between two lines. Angle between two lines.

Unit-V: Linear Programming Problem

1. Linear Programming

Introduction, related terminology such as constraints, objective function, optimization, graphical method of solution for problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible regions (bounded or unbounded), feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solutions (up to three non-trivial constraints).

Unit-VI: Probability

1. Probability
Conditional probability, multiplication theorem on probability, independent events, total probability, Bayes’ theorem.

  Prepare for JEE Main Entrance Exam with Question Papers, Syllabus , Pattern and Preparation Tips

Click Here for CBSE 12th Mathematics Syllabus 2026 PDF Download

Q&A Icon
Commonly asked questions
Q:   What is the syllabus of class 12th (CBSE) board?
A: 

You can check the subject-wise CBSE 12th syllabus 2026 by clicking on the link provided. The syllabus mentions all the chapters and topics from where the questions are asked in the CBSE 12th exam 2026. Students must go through the entire syllabus thoroughly to prepare well for their board examination. Shiksha.com has also provides chapter-wise NCERT solutions Class 11, 12 for Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics on this page.

Q:   Does CBSE give marks for wrong answers?
A: 
Yes, CBSE uses the concept known as stepwise marking. This means that even if the final answer is incorrect, marks are given for correct steps, logic, or calculations within the solution. The marking scheme is designed to reward effort and understanding, even if the final result is not accurate. 
 
Check more details here:
  • Stepwise Marking:
    Each question is broken down into steps, and each step is assigned a specific weightage. If a student correctly solves a particular step, they receive the corresponding marks, regardless of whether the final answer is correct. 
     
  • Partial Credit:
    Even if the final answer is incorrect, students can still earn partial credit for demonstrating their understanding and correctly applying formulas or concepts. 
     
  • Large Answers:
    For longer answers, the marking scheme may give more points for the correct steps, even if the final answer is wrong. 
     
  • Specific Examples:
    For numerical questions, marks are awarded for writing the correct formula, substituting values, performing calculations, and arriving at the final answer. If a student makes a mistake in the calculation but correctly identifies the formula and substitutes the values, they can still receive marks for the correct steps. 
Q:   Will class 12th syllabus be harder than 11th in CBSE board?
A: 
Hi Rajdeep, There is no specific answer to this, but you won't find it too difficult as most of the subjects are enhancements of what you studied in class 11th.Comparatively, class 11th is tougher than class 10th, as the entire outlook is changed. The level of difficulty also depends from student to student.
View Syllabus
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CBSE 12th Physics Syllabus 2026

Students can check below the Chapter and units covered in the CBSE 12th Physics syllabus 2026.

Unit Chapter
Unit - 1: Electrostatics

Chapter 1: : Electric Charges and Fields

Electric charges, Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law-force between two- point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution.

Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in uniform electric field.

Electric flux, statement of Gauss's theorem and its applications to find field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside).

Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and system of charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two-point charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field.

Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor. Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor (no derivation, formulae only).

NCERT Solutions for Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Unit - 2: Current Electricity

Chapter–3: Current Electricity

Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current; Ohm's law, V-I characteristics (linear and non-linear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity, temperature dependence of resistance, Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel, Kirchhoff's rules, Wheatstone bridge.

NCERT Solutions for Current Electricity

Unit - 3: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism

Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment.

Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop.

Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire. Straight solenoid (only qualitative treatment), force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields.

Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere, torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field; Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, moving coil galvanometer- its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.

Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter

Bar magnet, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid (qualitative treatment only), magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis (qualitative treatment only), torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field (qualitative treatment only), magnetic field lines.

Magnetic properties of materials- Para-, dia- and ferro – magnetic substances with examples, Magnetization of materials, effect of temperature on magnetic properties.

NCERT Solutions for Moving Charges and Magnetism

NCERT Solutions for Magnetism and Matter

Unit - 4: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic inductionFaraday's laws, induced EMF and current; Lenz's Law, Self and mutual induction.

Chapter–7: Alternating Current

Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage; reactance and impedance; LCR series circuit (phasors only), resonance, power in AC circuits, power factor, wattless current. AC generator, Transformer.

NCERT Solutions for Electromagnetic Induction

NCERT Solutions for Alternating Current

Unit - 5: Electromagnetic waves

Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves

Basic idea of displacement current, Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, their transverse nature (qualitative idea only).

Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.

NCERT Solutions for Electromagnetic Waves

Unit - 6: Optics

Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Ray Optics: Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, refraction of light, total internal reflection and optical fibers, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens maker’s formula, magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact, refraction of light through a prism.

Optical instruments: Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers.

Chapter–10: Wave Optics

Wave optics: Wave front and Huygen’s principle, reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface using wave fronts. Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen’s principle. Interference, Young's double slit experiment and expression for fringe width (No derivation final expression only), coherent sources and sustained interference of light, diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maxima (qualitative treatment only).

NCERT Solutions for Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

NCERT Solutions for Wave Optics

Unit - 7: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Chapter–11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Dual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation-particle nature of light.

Experimental study of photoelectric effect

Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de-Broglie relation.

NCERT Solutions for Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Unit - 8: Atoms and Nuclei

Chapter–12: Atoms

Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model of hydrogen atom, Expression for radius of nth possible orbit, velocity and energy of electron in nth orbit, hydrogen line spectra (qualitative treatment only).

Chapter–13: Nuclei

Composition and size of nucleus, nuclear force

Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number; nuclear fission, nuclear fusion.

NCERT Solutions for Atoms 

NCERT Solutions for Nuclei

Unit - 9: Electronic Devices

Chapter–14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

Energy bands in conductors, semiconductors and insulators (qualitative ideas only) Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors- p and n type, p-n junction
Semiconductor diode - I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, application of junction diode -diode as a rectifier.

NCERT Solutions for Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

 
Q&A Icon
Commonly asked questions
Q:   Will there be board exams in 2026 for Class 12 CBSE?
A: 

Yes, CBSE announced that the board exams for Classes 10 and 12 for the academic session 2025-26 will likely commence from February 17, 2026. CBSE 10th exams 2025 will tentatively conclude on March 18, 2026 while Class 12 exams will likely end on April 4, 2026. The CBSE datesheet 2026 is expected to be out in November 2025.

Q:   Is Current Electricity included in my Board syllabus?
A: 

Yes, Current Electricity is part of CBSE Physics syllabus. It includes topics like Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current; Ohm's law, V-I characteristics (linear and non-linear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity, temperature dependence of resistance, Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel, Kirchhoff's rules, Wheatstone bridge. The weightage of the unit in the final board exams is provided below:

ChapterMarks
Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields16
Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and
Capacitance
Chapter–3: Current Electricity (Click here for complete CBSE 12th Science syllabus)
Q:   Is Electrostatics included in my Board syllabus?
A: 

Yes. Electrostatistics includes two chapters namely Electric Charges & Fields and Electrostatic Potentials & Capacitance. The unit covers topics such as Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law-force between two- point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and system of charges; equipotential surfaces, etc. Check the table below to know the weightage of the unit in the board exams:

Chaptersmarks
Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields16
Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and
Capacitance
Chapter–3: Current Electricity (Click for complete CBSE 12th Syllabus 2024)

 

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CBSE 12th Chemistry Syllabus 2026

Students can check below the Chapter and units covered in the CBSE Class 12 Chemistry syllabus 2026.

Units Chapters/Topics
Unit 1: Solutions

Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in
liquids, solid solutions, Raoult's law, colligative properties - relative lowering of vapour pressure,
elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular
masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass, Van't Hoff factor. 

NCERT Solutions for Solid State

NCERT Solutions for Solutions

Unit 2: Electrochemistry

Redox reactions, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to
chemical cells, Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, conductance in electrolytic
solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch's
Law, electrolysis and law of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell-electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells, lead accumulator, fuel cells, corrosion.

NCERT Solutions for Electrochemistry

Unit 3: Chemical Kinetics 

Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order reactions), concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment), activation energy, Arrhenius equation. 

NCERT Solutions for Chemical Kinetics 


Unit 4: d -and f -Block Elements

General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first row transition metals – metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation, preparation and properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4.

Lanthanides - Electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanides contraction and its consequences.

Actinides - Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthanides. 

NCERT Solutions for d -and f -Block Elements

Unit 5: Coordination Compounds

Coordination compounds - Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding, Werner's theory, VBT, and CFT; structure and stereoisomerism, importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological system).

NCERT Solutions for Coordination Compounds

Unit 6: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C–X bond, physical and chemical properties, optical rotation mechanism of substitution reactions.
 Haloarenes: Nature of C–X bond, substitution reactions (Directive influence of halogen in monosubstituted compounds only).

Uses and environmental effects of - dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane,
iodoform, freons, DDT.

NCERT Solutions for Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Unit 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only), identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydration, uses with special reference to methanol and ethanol.

Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophillic substitution reactions, uses of phenols.

Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses.

NCERT Solutions for Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Unit 8: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes, uses.

Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses.

NCERT Solutions for Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Unit 9: Amines

Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.

Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry.

NCERT Solutions for Amines

Unit 10: Biomolecules

Carbohydrates - Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccahrides (glucose and fructose), D-L configuration oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen); Importance of carbohydrates.

Proteins -Elementary idea of - amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, structure of proteins - primary, secondary, tertiary structure and quaternary structures (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes.

Hormones - Elementary idea excluding structure.

Vitamins - Classification and functions.

Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA.

NCERT Solutions for Biomolecules

 
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CBSE 12th Biology Syllabus 2026

 

Unit  Chapter/Topics
Unit 6: Reproduction

Chapter-1: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination - types, agencies and examples; out breeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post fertilization events - development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes- apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation.

Chapter-2: Human Reproduction
Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis -spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea).

Chapter-3: Reproductive Health
Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control - need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness).

Unit 7: Genetics and Evolution

Chapter-4: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism – incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; Sex determination - in humans, birds and honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance - haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans - thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes.

Chapter-5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central Dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation - lac operon; Genome, Human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting.

Chapter-6: Evolution
Origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidences); Darwin's contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution; mechanism of evolution - variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy - Weinberg's principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution.

Unit 8: Biology and Human Welfare 

Chapter-7: Human Health and Diseases
Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm) and their control; Basic concepts of immunology - vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence - drug and alcohol abuse.

Chapter-8: Microbes in Human Welfare
Microbes in food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as bio-control agents and bio-fertilizers. Antibiotics; production and judicious use

Unit 9: Biotechnology and its Applications

Chapter-9: Biotechnology - Principles and Processes
Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology).

Chapter-10: Biotechnology and its Applications
Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms - Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues, biopiracy and patents.

Unit 10: Ecology and Environment 

Chapter-11: Organisms and Populations
Population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes - growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution. 

Chapter-12: Ecosystem
Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy.

Chapter-13: Biodiversity and its Conservation
Biodiversity-Concept, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, Sacred Groves, biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites.

Q&A Icon
Commonly asked questions
Q:   Are there important chapters in CBSE 12th which students should prepare to score good marks?
A: 

CBSE does not advise students to do selective study for CBSE Class 12 examinations. The Board has prescribed syllabus for every subject. Students are expected to study thoroughly from the entire CBSE 12th syllabus and understand the concepts in order to score good marks in exams.

Q:   What are the passing marks for CBSE 12th board exams?
A: 

Students need to score at least 33 percent in all subjects and a minimum aggregate of 33 percent in CBSE 12th board exams in order to clear the examinations. 

The Board released the CBSE 12th syllabus and marking scheme for all subjects. Students must ensure to complete their syllabus and know the exam pattern well. They must nalso download and solve the CBSE 12th sample papers and previous years' question papers to perform well in the exams. 

Once done with the syllabus and practice, students will be able to clear the 12th board examinations will good percentage.  

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CBSE 12th Science Syllabus 2026 Download PDFs

Students can click on the subjects below to download the CBSE Class 12 Science syllabus 2026 PDFs for all Science subjects

CBSE 12th Physics Syllabus 2026 CBSE 12th Chemistry Syllabus 2026 CBSE 12th Biology Syllabus 2026 CBSE 12th Maths Syllabus 2026 CBSE 12th Biotechnology Syllabus 2026
 
Q&A Icon
Commonly asked questions
Q:   Can I use a scientific calculator in the CBSE 12th board exams?
A: 

NO. No type of calculators, mobile phones, or any technological gadget is allowed during CBSE exams. Any student caught carrying these will be barred from writing their exam. 

Q:   How can I improve my writing and presentation skills for the CBSE 12th board exams?
A: 

Following are some tips to improve the writing and presentation skills for the CBSE 12th board exams.

  • Students must write the answers neatly. The hand writing should be legible.
  • Write the answers with proper heading and subheading.
  • Highlight your important points.
  • Cross out the errors neatly with single line.
  • Divide the time for each question to avoid rushing.  
  • Practice writing the previous year question papers.
Q:   Is Hydrocarbons included in CBSE Board syllabus?
A: 

Yes, Hydrocarbons is included in the CBSE 12th board syllabus. The topics that are in syllabus are:

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons:
Alkanes - Nomenclature, isomerism, conformation (ethane only), physical properties, chemical
reactions including free radical mechanism of halogenation, combustion and pyrolysis.
Alkenes - Nomenclature, structure of double bond (ethene), geometrical isomerism, physical
properties, methods of preparation, chemical reactions: addition of hydrogen, halogen, water,
hydrogen halides (Markovnikov's addition and peroxide effect), ozonolysis, oxidation, mechanism
of electrophilic addition.
Alkynes - Nomenclature, structure of triple bond (ethyne), physical properties, methods of
preparation, chemical reactions: acidic character of alkynes, addition reaction of - hydrogen,
halogens, hydrogen halides and water.
Aromatic Hydrocarbons:
Introduction, IUPAC nomenclature, benzene: resonance, aromaticity, chemical properties:
mechanism of electrophilic substitution. Nitration, sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel Craft's
alkylation and acylation, directive influence of functional group in monosubstituted benzene.
Carcinogenicity and toxicity.

 

To download the complete CBSE 12th sChemistry syllabus 2026, Click Here

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FAQs on CBSE 12th Science Syllabus 2026

Students can check below the FAQs related to CBSE 12th Science Syllabus 2026:

Q&A Icon
Commonly asked questions
Q:   How many CBSE 12th Mathematics question papers should I practice?
A: 

Students must ensure to solve atleast one previous year CBSE 12th Mathematics question paper every day to efficiently prepare for the CBSE 12th Mathematics board exam. Make sure to practice the question papers during the last month of the preparation. 

Q:   What topics from Trigonometry can be asked in the CBSE 12th board exams?
A: 

Questions from below topics can be asked in the Class 12 exams 2026 CBSE-

Positive and negative angles. Measuring angles in radians and in degrees and conversion from
one measure to another. Definition of trigonometric functions with the help of unit circle. Truth of
the identity sin2x + cos2x = 1, for all x. Signs of trigonometric functions, domain and range of
trigonometric functions, and their graphs. Expressing sin (x±y) and cos (x±y) in terms of sinx, siny,
cosx & cosy and their simple applications. Deducing identities etc.

You can download the complete CBSE 12th Mathematics syllabus 2026 by clicking here

Q:   Which books does CBSE follow?
A: 

The CBSE primarily follows the NCERT textbooks for all classes. While schools can use supplementary materials and reference books, NCERT books are the core of CBSE syllabus to ensure a uniform standard across all affiliated schools.

Q:   Can we attempt questions in any sequence in CBSE board class 12 question paper?
A: 

Yes, you can attempt questions in any sequence in CBSE board class 12. Just ensure that while attempting your CBSE board exam that you have attempted all the question with a question number written in such a way that examiner can see it properly. And in order to get good marks, it is important to make an impression which can be made by attempting those questions first that you know well. Thus, if you know question no. 12, then instead of 1, 2, attempt those question that you remember properly. 

Q:   Are questions from previous year asked in CBSE 12th boards?
A: 

Not exactly the same, but, CBSE can ask questions similar to what were asked in the previous years of CBSE 12th exams. Thus, you are advised to download and practice the previous years' question papers thoroughly for better preparation. 

Q:   What score can be considered a good score in CBSE 12th?
A: 

There is no concept of good or bad marks in class 12 CBSE board. You must focus on your studies and work hard towards schieveing good score in the board exams. The concept of good/bad marks can be benchmarked by you depending on the stream/career you have chosen for yourself. If you wish to enter IIT and become an engineer, you must aim for 90+ percentage, so on and so forth. 

Thus, set an aim for yourself and build a way to reach the goal and THAT shall be good enough for you.

All the best!

Q:   Is Kinematics covered in CBSE 12th Physics syllabus?
A: 

Kinematics is covered in CBSE Class 11. However, a student is expected to know the topic well in order to understand Physics better in Class 12. You can click on CBSE 11th Physics Syllabus 2026 to check the complete Physics syllabus and know the solutions to the NCERT questions of all chapters of Class 11. 

Click on NCERT 12th Physics Solutions 2026 to know the questions with solutions to all Class 12 Physics questions. 

Q:   Is CBSE 12th sample paper easier than board paper?
A: 

You can treat the CBSE sample paper as a mock test and time yourself while answering it. This will make you familiar with the exam pattern and marking scheme, after which you will eventually find the CBSE board paper easy. 

You can download the CBSE 12th sample papers and question papers by clicking on the link below:

CBSE 12th sample paper and previous year question papers

Q:   Will the CBSE 12th Board exams 2026 be based on 100% syllabus?
A: 

Yes, CBSE 12th exams 2026 will be based on 100% syllabus. Students can check the CBSE 12th syllabus 2026 by clicking on the link provided. Students must finish with their syllabus and know the exam pattern well at least a month prior to the exam. This way they'll be better prepared for the exams. 

From 2020 to 2022, the Board had reduced the CBSE syllabus in the wake of Covid pandemic. 

Explore subject-wise topics asked in CBSE 12th

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Complement of a SetEqual SetsUniversal SetFinite and Infinite SetEmpty SetSets and their RepresentationsRelations and FunctionsCartesian Products of SetsFunctionsRelationsBinomial TheoremBinomial Theorem for Positive Integral IndexComposition of Functions and Invertible FunctionTypes of FunctionsTypes of RelationsProperties of Inverse Trigonometric FunctionsInverse Trigonometric FunctionsBasic Concepts of Inverse Trigonometric FunctionsTypes of MatrixTranspose of a MatrixSymmetric and Skew Symmetric MatricesInvertible MatricesOperations on MatricesDeterminantsDeterminantsIntegration as Inverse Process of DifferentiationDifferentiationStandard DeviationAssumed Mean MethodCorrelation and RegressionZ Score TableCube and CuboidComplement of a SetEqual SetsUniversal SetFinite and Infinite SetEmpty SetSets and their RepresentationsRelations and FunctionsCartesian Products of SetsFunctionsRelationsBinomial TheoremBinomial Theorem for Positive Integral IndexComposition of Functions and Invertible FunctionTypes of FunctionsTypes of RelationsProperties of Inverse Trigonometric FunctionsInverse Trigonometric FunctionsBasic Concepts of Inverse Trigonometric FunctionsTypes of MatrixTranspose of a MatrixSymmetric and Skew Symmetric MatricesInvertible MatricesOperations on MatricesDeterminantsDeterminantsIntegration as Inverse Process of DifferentiationDifferentiationStandard DeviationAssumed Mean MethodCorrelation and RegressionZ Score TableCube and CuboidOverviewDIMENSIONS OF PHYSICAL QUANTITIESDIMENSIONAL FORMULAESignificant FiguresDIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATIONSINTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITSOverviewChange of StateIdeal Gas Equation and Absolute TemperatureThermal ExpansionHeat TransferSpecific HeatCalorimetryTemperature and HeatMeasurement of TemperatureThermodynamic ProcessCarnot EngineReversible and Irreversible ProcessThermal EquilibriumThermodynamic State Variables Equation of StateOverviewFirst Law of ThermodynamicsSecond Law of ThermodynamicsBehaviour of GasesKinetic Theory of Ideal GasOverviewPeriodic and Oscillatory MotionSimple PendulumSimple Harmonic MotionOverviewSpeed of a Travelling WaveDisplacement Relation in a Progressive WaveSuperposition PrincipleBeatsReflection of WavesKinematic Equation Uniformly of Accelerated MotionInstantaneous Velocity and SpeedOverviewAccelerationResolution of VectorsVector Addition by Analytical MethodScalars and VectorsMultiplication of Vectors by Real NumbersAddition and Subtraction of VectorsOverviewProjectile MotionMotion in a PlaneConservation of MomentumEquilibrium of a ParticleCircular MotionCommon Forces in MechanicsSolving Problems in MechanicsConservation of Mechanical EnergyPotential Energy of SpringPowerKinetic EnergyCollisionWorkConcept of Potential EnergyMoment of InertiaOverviewCentre of MassVector Product of Two VectorsTorque and Angular MomentumMotion of Centre of MassEquilibrium of a Rigid BodyOverviewAngular Velocity and Relation with Linear VelocityDynamics of Rotational Motion About a Fixed AxisKinematics of Rotational Motion About a Fixed AxisAngular Momentum of Rotation About a Fixed AxisKeplers LawOverviewEscape SpeedEarth SatellitesEnergy of an Orbiting SatelliteStress Strain CurveElastic ModuliApplications of Elastic Behaviour of MaterialsSurface TensionBernoulli PrinciplePressure in FluidsViscosityStreamline FlowForces between Multiple ChargesConductors and InsulatorsBasic Properties of Electric ChargeElectric ChargeElectric Charge and FieldElectric FluxElectric Charge and FieldElectric Field LinesContinuous Charge DistributionInterference Light Waves Youngs ExperimentRefraction Reflection Plane Wave Huygens PrincipleRefraction Reflection Plane Wave Huygens PrincipleEinstein Photoelectric TheoryPhotoelectric Effect Wave Theory LightPhotoelectric EffectElectron EmissionOverviewBohr Model of Hydrogen AtomRadioactivityPhysics Nuclei OverviewSize of NucleusBinding EnergyNuclear EnergySemiconductor Devices OverviewSemiconductor Devices OverviewSemiconductor DiodeDiode as RectifierIntrinsic SemiconductorExtrinsic SemiconductorOverviewPotential Due to Point ChargeCombination of CapacitorsElectrostatic PotentialEnergy Stored in a CapacitorCapacitors and CapacitanceEffect of Dielectric on CapacitanceElectrostatics of ConductorsPotential Energy of a System of ChargesPotential due to a System of ChargesElectric CurrentOverviewElectrical Energy and PowerTemperature Dependence of ResistivityWheatstone BridgeOverviewOhms LawKirchhoffs LawDrift of Electrons and the Origin of ResistivityTorque on Current Loop Magnetic DipoleMotion in Magnetic FieldSolenoidMagnetic Field due to a Current ElementMagnetic Field on Axis of Circular Current LoopAmpere Circuital LawMagnetic ForceOverviewMoving Coil GalvanometerMagnetism and MatterMagnetic Properties of MaterialsMagnetisation and Magnetic IntensityBar MagnetElectromagnetismMotional Electromotive ForceExperiments of Faraday and HenryAlternating Current OverviewTransformerAC Voltage Applied to a ResistorAC Voltage Applied to an InductorAC Voltage applied to a CapacitorAC Voltage applied to a Series LCR circuitRepresentation of AC Current and Voltage by VectorElectromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic WavesDisplacement CurrentTotal Internal ReflectionRefraction through a PrismOptical InstrumentsDerivation of Lens FormulaReflection of Light by Spherical MirrorsRefraction at Spherical Surface and by LensesDerive Equation of Motion by Calculus methodAlternating Current OverviewMole Concept and Molar MassSTOICHIOMETRY AND STOICHIOMETRIC CALCULATIONSPercentage CompositionLaws of Chemical CombinationAtomic and Molecular MassesProperties of Matter and their MeasurementImportance of ChemistryOverviewOverviewAtomic ModelsDiscovery of Sub Atomic ParticlesTowards Quantum Mechanical Model of AtomQuantum Mechanical Model of AtomElectronic Configuration Types of ElementsPeriodic Table Electronic Configuration of ElementPeriodic Trends in Properties of ElementsGenesis of Periodic ClassificationNomenclature of Elements with Atomic NumbersPresent Form of Periodic TableChemical Bonding and Molecular StructureHybridizationValence Bond TheoryMolecular Orbital TheoryHydrogen BondingIonic or Electrovalent BondKossel-Lewis Approach to Chemical BondingBond ParametersBonding in Homonuclear Diatomic MoleculesVSEPR TheoryApplications of Chemical BondingEquilibrium ProcessesHomogeneous EquilibriaFactors Affecting EquilibriaApplications of Equilibrium ConstantIonization of Acids and BasesIonic Equilibrium in SolutionEquilibrium in Chemical ProcessesSolubility Equilibria of Sparingly Soluble SaltsHeter Heterogeneous EquilibriaOxidation NumberClassification of Organic CompoundsIsomerismNomenclature of Organic CompoundsQuantitative AnalysisQualitative Analysis of Organic CompoundsOverviewStructural Representations of Organic CompoundsFundamental Concepts in Organic Reaction MechanismTetravalence of Carbon Shapes of Organic CompoundsMethods of Purification of Organic CompoundsClassificationAlkanesAlkenesAlkynesAromatic HydrocarbonCarcinogenicity and ToxicityAbnormal Molar MassColligative Properties and Molar MassSolubilityProteinsVitaminsCarbohydratesEnzymesHormonesNucleic AcidsElectrolytic Cells and ElectrolysisCorrosionGalvanic CellFuel CellsNernst EquationElectrochemical CellsBatteriesRate of ReactionIntegrated Rate EquationsCollision Theory of Chemical ReactionsTemperature Dependence of the Rate of a ReactionFactors Influencing Rate of a ReactionBonding in Metal CarbonylsDifference between Glucose and Fructose

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CBSE 12th Exam

Student Forum

chatAnything you would want to ask experts?
Write here...

Answered 3 weeks ago

Yes, according to the criteria of CTET, You can apply for this exam if you got more than 50% in your graduation it is eligible for both papers of CTET.

S

Surbhi Mishra

Beginner-Level 5

Answered a month ago

Yes, if you have PCM in my 12th grade, you can definitely apply to Chandigarh University's Industrial Design program. All you have to do is confirm that you fit the requirements for eligibility. A minimum of 50% in any stream an accredited board is required for admission to Chandigarh University's I

...Read more

A

Amrit

Beginner-Level 5

Answered a month ago

Yes, you can appear for the 12th improvement exam even if you're currently pursuing a Polytechnic course, but it depends on a few key factors related to your board and eligibility.

You can give the improvement exam next year after passing 12th, but not if more than 2 years have passed.

You can appear

...Read more

d

dev beni

Beginner-Level 4

Answered a month ago

Yes, Chandigarh University considers your 12th-grade marks for admission to the Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) program. The university uses a merit screening process, which looks at your 12th marks along with your CUCET (Chandigarh University Common Entrance Test) score. To be eligible, you need at lea

...Read more

Z

Zini Chanu

Contributor-Level 6

Answered a month ago

Heyyy riya
Absolutely! Having a humanities background is no barrier to pursuing Fine Arts at Chandigarh University.

The programme welcomes students from all streams, including humanities, as long as they meet the minimum requirement of 50% marks in their 12th exams. Many humanities students find the

...Read more

J

Jas

Beginner-Level 4

Answered a month ago

Yes you can.For most of the courses youare elligible as 50/55/60 in the minimum requirement.

 

Most of the courses admission is direct and some may required score like CUET, CMAT, University entrance.

 

Also you can explore about -

  • CUET
  • CLAT
  • Teaching as a career 
  • B.ed after graduation

 

 

98252958
Dinesh upadhyay

Scholar-Level 16

Answered a month ago

Yes, you can get admission in Fine Arts at Chandigarh University even if you did not study Maths in 12th. For this course, subject choice in school does not matter much. The main eligibility is very simple. A student should have passed 10+2 or an equivalent exam in any stream from a recognised board

...Read more

B

Balwant Singh

Contributor-Level 7

Answered a month ago

Yes, Science students are fully eligible to join Chandigarh University's Industrial Design course, and in fact, many of the program's modules align well with their background. Students with Physics, Chemistry, or Mathematics in their 10+2 often excel because the curriculum integrates aspects of tech

...Read more

n

nupur

Beginner-Level 4

Answered a month ago

Yes, you can still get admission in Chandigarh University for BBA even if you scored below 70% in 12th commerce. The basic eligibility is passing Class 12 with at least 50% marks from a recognised board. The university conducts its own entrance test CUCET, and performance in this exam along with you

...Read more

76561359
Vivek Kumar Yadav

Contributor-Level 9

Answered a month ago

Students can follow the below mentioned steps to check their CGBSE 12th result:

Visit the official website of the board @cgbse.nic.in

Click on the link that says "CGBSE 12th Result 2025"

Enter roll number and click on the "Submit" button

Your CG Board 12th result will be displayed.

M

Md Shahzad

Contributor-Level 10

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